PHD BURSARY - DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY, LEICESTER THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SENSORY AND CONSUMER STUDIES IN COLLABORATION WITH UNILEVER RESEARCH AND THE INSTITUTE OF FOOD RESEARCH A De Montfort University Bursary which covers tuition fees and subsistence for three years study for a PhD will be available beginning August 1st, 1998. The Bursary covers the fees at EEC levels. In addition to the subsistence element of the Bursary (worth 5,500 GB pounds per year), Unilever Research will give the student an additional 1,500 GB pounds per year. Unilever view this project as fully collaborative and will provide access to a wealth of real and important problems, data from many sensometric trials and access to research staff. As a consequence, the student will be expected to spend some time each year at Unilever's Colworth site near Sharnbrook Beds, at the company's expense. The, student will also make visits to the Institute of Food Research in Reading. The project will be supervised by Professor Byron Jones (De Montfort), Ian Wakeling (Institute of Food Research) and Graham Cleaver (Unilever Research). Applicants should have a good first degree in mathematics and/or statistics or equivalent. Requests for application forms should be sent (by email, fax or post) to: Professor Byron Jones Department of Medical Statistics De Montfort University The Gateway Leicester LE1 9BH UK Telephone: (+44) (0) 116 257 7463, Fax: (+44) (0) 116 250 6114 Email: [log in to unmask] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- PROJECT DESCRIPTION The sensory testing of foods by expert taste panels is a technique vital to quality control and new product development within the food industry. In an experiment a monadic sequence of food samples are presented to each panel member and scores obtained for key sensory attributes. The sensory profiles obtained are the principal means of quantifying taste differences between samples and are therefore an essential tool for food research scientists. In conjunction with sensory experiments a parallel experiment is sometimes performed with untrained consumers who evaluate their preference for the samples. Sensory experiments raise challenging statistical design problems which to date have not been fully addressed. Often there are more samples to be profiled than the judges are able to taste in a single sitting, so the immediate problem is which sample subset to present to which judge in each session. But the ordering of the subset of samples is also critical to the design as it can be used to balance out the effects of position in the presentation order and also to balance the residual effects that one sample may have on the next one to be tasted. Designs for multi-session experiments should also take account of any factorial structure among the samples and conform to any practical limitations such as not having all samples available in all sessions due to the limited resources required to prepare them. During the course of the experiment other problems may arise, such as non-attendance by some panel members, a change in performance, or problems with sample preparation in a particular session. Therefore designs which are robust to the removal of some assessors and some sessions are therefore desirable. The first aim of the project will be to investigate to what extent it is possible to create designs that take some or all of the above into account. It is clear that for many problems computer search algorithms will be the only way forward and it is hoped to develop an algorithm which would allow the experimenter to prespecify the most important properties for the design to have. Many of these properties are equally applicable to the design of consumer trials and the project will also identify ways in which this class of experiment can be improved. Of equal importance to the design is the method of analysis that is used to properly take account of the repeated measurements nature of sensometric data. Sensory and consumer trials often lead to data which have a hierarchical error structure which also incorporates some form of autocorrelation. As linear and ordinal categorical attribute scales are both used in sensometric research, the analysis of both continuous and categorical repeated measurements will be of interest. In the last few years there has been a tremendous growth in methods for analysing repeated measurements data. Applying these methods, and possibly developing more appropriate ones for sensometric data, will form the second aim of the project. References ---------- Schlich, P. (1993) Use of change-over designs and repeated measurements in sensory and consumer studies. Food and Quality Preference, Vol. 4, 223-235. Wakeling, I.N. and Macfie, H.J.H. (1995) Designing consumer trials balanced for first and higher orders of carry-over effect when only a subset of k samples from t may be tested. Food and Quality Preference, Vol. 6, 299-308. Jones, B. and Kenward, M.G. (1989) Design and Analysis of Cross-over Trials. Chapman and Hall: London. Lindsey, J.K. (1993) Models for Repeated Measurements. Oxford University Press: Oxford. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%