Laura Jacobus asked about seating in medieval churches. I don't know much about the subject, but I can direct you to _The Officium and Miracula of Richard Rolle of Hampole_ (ed. Reginald M. Wooley. London: SPCK, 1919). Rolle (1300-1349) was never one to bow to authority; and he acquired his first patron, John de Dalton, after he sat in Lady Dalton's seat in church. Her servants wanted to throw him out, but as he was deep in prayer, she forbade it. The next day, Rolle asked for and received permission to preach; he preached a moving sermon and was then invited to the house of John Dalton, who, after questioning him, agreed to become his patron. See pp. 24-5 of the _Officium_ or pp. 301-2 of Francis Comper's translation in her _The Life of Richard Rolle, Together with an Edition of His English Lyrics_ (London: Dent, 1933). I hope this info. helps. Bill Netherton Amarillo College Amarillo, Texas %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%