Slightly off the central thread of this discussion somewhat, does anyone know of any contemporary, and specifically twelfth-century, evidence which demonstrates that Benedictine monks were engaged in the pastoral care of the laity outside the monastery? Alternatively, is there any evidence to suggest that monks might have been copying manuscripts for secular clerics to use in their pastoral activities? Thanks. Elaine Dr Elaine Treharne Department of English University of Leicester %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%