Well, there is Wulfstan: he left English sermons Anselm: Eadmer says he preached in English (no copy to hand to give reference) Aelfric: he is a bit early, but the homiles formed a staple diet for the student when I was one. There was also a synod at Pistoia (much later - 15th cent) which was condemned for saying (among other things) that on no account could monks go out and preach. When our congregation was restored, renewed, and (if necessary) refounded - Rome likes to cover all possible eventualities - in 1606-19, monks had already been coming to England from Italian and Spanish monasteries as missioners to England, with the support and approval of both General Chapters and of Rome. This suggests that it was not for them a new or astonishing idea. And it is of course implicit in the Gospel. Perhaps that does not say enough about the twelfth century; but I think it is recorded of Aelred that he would preach to the people too. Not sure about that one. a.c. Anselm Cramer OSB Ampleforth Abbey, York GB - YO6 4EN [log in to unmask] %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%