The education level of the clergy varied greatly, from the likes of the clerk John Jaybird in the Skelton poem to the university-trained. Off the top of my head, I would stasrt with Leonard Boyle's article on Cum ex eo in the Variorum collection of his articles. tom izbicki ps The exact issue you raise about the Jewish origins of Jesus, Mary, Peter etc. lies at the heart of Juan de Torquemada's argument for the conversos. See, most recently, Netanyahu's Origins of the Spanish Inquisition. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%