Dear Steven (and other colleagues), Isa Ragusa's translation of/and introduction to the MVC came out in 1961, and I don't recall the related issues of who wrote it, and when, and where it was written, being nearly as cut-and-dried as you suggest. As you fully appreciate, it is a crucial text for 13thc. Italian Franciscan religious sensibility, despite its heavy borrowing from Bernardine Cistercianism. Where and when it was written--if they could be determined--would interest me very much. I vaguely recall Ragusa suggesting that a Tuscan friar composed it c.1290. But 1256-63 would suit me much better! Anyway, I'll have a look at your references, although surely something substantial has appeared on the MVC later than 1952? Gary Dickson University of Edinburgh %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%