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From: [log in to unmask] Organization: Arts To: [log in to unmask] Date sent: Mon, 7 Apr 1997 16:22:24 +0000 Subject: 'Your Holiness', etc. Priority: normal Send reply to: [log in to unmask] Query: How old are the various (Latin) papal titles of address? Evidence of their earliest documentary attestation? Is 'Your Sanctity' papal? I thought I had the information from a book by Yves Congar, but my notes (or memory) deceived me. There must be a properly historical study of the subject; what I don't want is a courtesy guide to ecclesiastical titles! Gary Dickson University of Edinburgh I suppose the place to start is any textbook on diplomatic, plus the Liber Diurnus, though that will tell you what the popes themselves wrote rather than what other people wrote to them. Popes were certainly addressed by other people as Your Holiness by the 12th c. and I bet the usage is much much older. Julia Barrow %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%