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>Julia Barrow wrote... > >There was no Benedictine order as such in the earlier middle ages. It only >became necessary to define one after the appearance of the Cistercians, >Carthusians, Augustinians and so forth in the late eleventh and early twelfth >centuries > >Why were such orders introduced into England - were they part of the Norman >conquest or was it a much larger re organization of the monastic life which >took place throughout Europe at this time that England was just part of ? > > >Simon Marchini with regard to England, isn't part of the argument that the imposition of benedictine monasticism on places like Durham was because the Normans were already involved in ongoing reform in France and were not impressed by the presence of married clergy inthe Anglo-Saxon cathedral chapters. Indeed, they weren't that impressed by married clergy in any location. Judith Collard Judith Collard [log in to unmask] Art History and Theory, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand ph. (03) 479 8334 Fax: (03) 479 8558 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%