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Dear friends, I am presently working on a paper on how the question of permitting usurers in a kingdom (etc.) was made a problem in 12th/13th century France and beyond. I am focussing especially on St Louis and his Jewry policy, but the question was by no means restricted to the Jews (it also pertained to 'Lombards'/'Cahorsins [cauwersini]', for example). The idea put forward by some (mainly mendicant) rigorists was that taking taxes from usurers was a way of profiting from their illicit gains. The concept first arose, I think, in Peter the Chanter's circle and gained some currency through manuals of confession (e.g. Thomas of Chobham). My question is whether any of you have examples of this discourse in 12th-14th century sermons? Thanks a lot in advance for your help! Christoph Cluse FB III Geschichte DM 219, Universitaet 54286 Trier [log in to unmask] %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%