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Yn ôl pobl sy’n ymwneud â’r maes, mae yna wahaniaeth rhwng ‘mindfulness’ a ‘consciousness/awareness’. Dyma eiriau un awdur: “So, what is the difference between mindfulness and awareness? “Mindfulness is the process of observing what your mind is thinking or saying. If you pause in your reading for a moment, sit still, close your eyes and just watch your mind you will become aware of the activity going on in your mind. … Awareness is the separate process of being conscious of what your senses of touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing are picking up from the world around you. Once your senses pick up something they send the information to your mind to work out what you should do or not do about what they are informing you about.” Yr ‘observing what your mind is thinking or saying’ sy’n cael ei gyfleu gan yr ansoddair ‘ofalgar’ yn yr ymadrodd ‘ymwybyddiaeth ofalgar’, dwi’n meddwl. Claire From: Discussion of Welsh language technical terminology and vocabulary [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of anna gruffydd Sent: 13 June 2019 17:25 To: [log in to unmask] Subject: Re: mindfulness Mae meddwlgarwch yn fwy bachog, ond dwi'n cytuno na dydi o ddim, yn y cyd.destun yma, yn cyfleu be sy dan sylw. Wedi ystyried, dwi'n cael fy nhemtio i ddefnyddio 'ymwybod' gan mai dyna'r gair lleiaf clogyrnaidd o'u plith. Mae'r Saesneg yn hen niwsans - dwyn gair sydd eisoes yn golygu rhywbeth gwahanol a thadogi iddo ystyr newydd. A be, yn wir, ydi'r gwahaniaeth rhwng 'mndfulness (ar ei newydd wedd) a 'consciousness/awareness? Diolch, fel pob amser, am eich cymorth ond ella mai mynd ar fy liwt fy hun wna i'r tro yma gan nad oes cytundeb. Anna Ye who opt for cut'n'paste Tread with care and not in haste! Il giorno gio 13 giu 2019 alle ore 18:03 Bethan Mair <[log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>> ha scritto: Dyw ‘meddwlgarwch’ ddim yn gwneud y tro, am fod gweithredu’n ‘feddylgar’ yn meddwl rhywbeth arall yn llwyr, ac mae hwnnw’n cael ei arfer yn gyffredin iawn. On 13 Jun 2019, at 16:59, anna gruffydd <[log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote: Ddim gyda'r mwyaf bachog, cytuno - well gen i ymwybod nag ymwybyddiaeth, ond os mai dyna sy'n ennill tir, plygwn i'r drefn - ours not to teason why - diolch Anna Ye who opt for cut'n'paste Tread with care and not in haste! Il giorno gio 13 giu 2019 alle ore 17:53 Bethan Mair <[log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>> ha scritto: Ymwybyddiaeth ofalgar yw’r term a ddefnyddir fwyaf cyffredin am ‘mindfulness’. Ddim y mwyaf slic, ond mae’n ennill tir. Bethan On 13 Jun 2019, at 16:32, anna gruffydd <[log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote: Mae'r diffiniad yn ol Wici yn dilyn - a fyddai 'ymwybod' yn ateb yn diben, meddech chi? Mindfulness is the psychological process of bringing one's attention to experiences occurring in the present moment,[1]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Baer_defines2-1>[2]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Kabat-Zinn_2013-2>[3]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Creswell-3> which one can develop through the practice of meditation<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meditation> and through other training.[2]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Kabat-Zinn_2013-2>[4]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Posner2011-4>[5]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Deatherage-5> Mindfulness is derived from sati<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)>, a significant element of Buddhist<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism> traditions,[6]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Karunamuni2017-6>[7]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-VanGordon2015-7> and based on Zen<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen>, Vipassanā<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vipassan%C4%81>, and Tibetan meditation techniques.[8]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Nisbet-8>[9]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Wilson-9>[note 1]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-15> Individuals who have contributed to the popularity of mindfulness in the modern Western context include Thích Nhất Hạnh<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh> (1926– ), Herbert Benson<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Benson> (1935– ), Jon Kabat-Zinn<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Kabat-Zinn> (1944– ), and Richard J. Davidson<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_J._Davidson> (1951– ).[15]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Buchholz2015-16>[16]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Davidson2005-17>[17]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Harrington2015-18> Mindfulness is very similar to what was earlier known as Gestalt therapy<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_therapy>. Clinical psychology<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_psychology> and psychiatry<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatry> since the 1970s have developed a number of therapeutic applications based on mindfulness for helping people experiencing a variety of psychological conditions.[17]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Harrington2015-18> Mindfulness practice has been employed to reduce symptoms of depression<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)>,[18]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Strauss-19>[19]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Khoury2015-20>[20]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Jain-21> to reduce stress<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_stress>,[19]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Khoury2015-20>[21]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Sharma-22>[22]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Hofmann-23> anxiety<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety>,[18]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Strauss-19>[19]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Khoury2015-20>[22]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Hofmann-23> and in the treatment of drug addiction<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_addiction>.[23]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Chiesa-24>[24]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Garland-25>[25]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Black-26> Programs based on Kabat-Zinn's and similar models have been adopted in schools, prisons, hospitals, veterans' centers, and other environments, and mindfulness programs have been applied for additional outcomes such as for healthy aging, weight management<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_management>, athletic performance, helping children with special needs, and as an intervention during the perinatal period. Clinical studies have documented both physical- and mental-health benefits of mindfulness in different patient categories as well as in healthy adults and children.[3]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Creswell-3>[26]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Paulus2016-27>Research studies have consistently shown a positive relationship between trait mindfulness and psychological health.[27]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Tomlinson2017-28>[28]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Keng2011-29> The practice of mindfulness appears to provide therapeutic benefits to people with psychiatric disorders,[29]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Goldberg2017-30>[30]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Boyd2018-31>[31]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Rodrigues2017-32> including to those with psychosis<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosis>.[32]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Bradshaw-33>[33]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Cramer2016-34>[34]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Louise2018-35> Studies also indicate that rumination<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumination_(psychology)> and worry contribute to the onset of a variety of mental disorders,[35]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Kaplan2018-36>[36]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Watkins2015-37>[37]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Querstret-38> and that mindfulness-based interventions significantly reduce both rumination and worry.[37]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Querstret-38>[38]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Gu2015-39>[39]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Perestelo-Perez2017-40> Further, the practice of mindfulness may be a preventive strategy to halt the development of mental-health problems.[40]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Tang_2015-41>[41]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Cheng2016-42> The necessity for more high-quality research in this field has also been identified – such as the need for more randomized controlled studies, for providing more methodological details in reported studies and for the use of larger sample sizes.[3]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Creswell-3>[28]<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness#cite_note-Keng2011-29> Diolch, Anna Ye who opt for cut'n'paste Tread with care and not in haste! ________________________________ To unsubscribe from the WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG list, click the following link: https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG&A=1 ________________________________ To unsubscribe from the WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG list, click the following link: https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG&A=1 ________________________________ To unsubscribe from the WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG list, click the following link: https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG&A=1 ________________________________ To unsubscribe from the WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG list, click the following link: https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG&A=1 ________________________________ To unsubscribe from the WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG list, click the following link: https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG&A=1 ######################################################################## To unsubscribe from the WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG list, click the following link: https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=WELSH-TERMAU-CYMRAEG&A=1