You probably received more than a few emails from companies notifying you of changes to their privacy policy in the lead-up to May 25, 2018—the day the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) went into effect. The European Union drafted the GDPR to protect the personal and private data of citizens of the EU and European Economic Area and to establish a standard for data-security laws across Europe.

The GDPR defines personal data under Article 4 as “any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (‘data subject’).” An identifiable natural person is “one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person.”

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