Dear all, I have some questions regarding longitudinal VBM procedures in SPM12. I have longitudinal brain structure data with two-time points each. I would like to explore whether changes in grey matter between the two-time points are associated with cognitive training. I have followed the longitudinal registration steps outlined in the SPM12 Manual for pairwise longitudinal registration: entering time 1 and time 2 volumes, a vector of time difference values in weeks, leaving the defaults for noise estimates, warping regularisation, bias regularisation, and saving mid-point average,Jacobian differences, divergence rates, and deformation fields. Based on the discussions on the SPM mail list, my longitudinal VBM plan is as follows: 1) Segment the avg_*.nii images (from the pairwise longitudinal registration 2) Run Dartel on the rc1 and rc2 images (from segmenting the average images 3) Normalise (through SPM -> Tools -> Dartel tools -> Normalise to MNI space) a. Use the 6th (last) iteration template produced by the Dartel step (Template_6.nii) b. Choose “many subjects” 1. In “Flow Fields” use the u_rc1 images (from Dartel on average image segmentation) 2. In “Images” use c1.*jd images (computed using ImCalc) * I have the following questions:* *I have problems with ImCalc. I am not sure on how to actually calculate the c1.*jd images using that toolbox.* a) Are the “Input Images” the c1 images (from segmenting the average image)? b) How are the Jacobian determinants included – are they entered as an “Additional Variable” (and if so, what values do I enter)? *c) And is the computation c1.*jd entered as the “Expression”?* All your suggestions will be very appreciated! Natalia