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Right this is you Luke not jamie. I don't think you can separate present 'expectations and standards' from past ones. Where would the dividing line be? So not sure if that is what you actually mean, in which case I agree, or do you mean that the two are separate therefore either could be used? In that case depending on what? Expectations (still think that is the wrong word) and standards change through time, of course, but the changes can be abrupt and radical or gradual and conservative, and anything in-between. The important thing is that there is always a relationship, always a dynamic. But we don't 'choose' our expectations (which relates to what I said in my other post), so we cannot pick one over the other. I cannot suddenly choose to 'judge' a poem by the expectations and standards of the New Criticism or whatever - though it might make an interesting exercise. Cheers Tim On 11 Aug 2017, at 15:24, Luke wrote: > but was more trying to suggest that "expectations and standards" need not be that of the present, contemporary etc..