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On Sat, Mar 18, 2017 at 2:00 PM, Lubomir Savov Popov <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > If the computer guys are relying on swarm intelligence, they have to brace > up and think about new design methods. ​computer guys? You mean Eric von Hippel? or me? Neither of us consider ourselves to be computer guys. We use our observations -- and the workarounds that ordinary people create to solve their needs -- as inspiration for the kinds of issues they face and that need solution. From there, it is good old-fashioned creativity that is required. We will always need creative designers, creative people: The reliance on observations, mining the wisdom of others, (what you incorrectly call "swarm intelligence") is a powerful way to discover hidden needs. (Swarm intelligence refers to a completely different concept. One that was not in my discussion.) don ----------------------------------------------------------------- PhD-Design mailing list <[log in to unmask]> Discussion of PhD studies and related research in Design Subscribe or Unsubscribe at https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/phd-design -----------------------------------------------------------------