Dear Don, The assumption of prior training is one that fits my background and experience and expectations. Perhaps that is why people who start studying with me end up training with someone else? An Honours degree, in my field (English Literature) used to cover everything Ken covered as an expected outcome part of a PhD. So what is left for a PhD candidate to do? Gee, therešs a problem!!!! keith On 18/3/17, 4:41 am, "PhD-Design - This list is for discussion of PhD studies and related research in Design on behalf of Don Norman" <[log in to unmask] on behalf of [log in to unmask]> wrote: >In these cases, the PhD dissertation is NOT training how to do research. >That training is assumed to have been accomplished in order for the >student >to make a major contribution. ----------------------------------------------------------------- PhD-Design mailing list <[log in to unmask]> Discussion of PhD studies and related research in Design Subscribe or Unsubscribe at https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/phd-design -----------------------------------------------------------------