New Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice ‘Ahead of Print’ articles
Ahead of Print articles also available at Project MUSE - http://bit.ly/cjccjpmaopf17
Medicinal Marijuana Production Creates Problem Residential Properties: A Routine Activity Theory Explanation and a Situational Crime-Prevention Solution
Joseph Clare, Len Garis, Paul Maxim
The current administrative structure for licensing medicinal-marijuana production does not prevent residential buildings from being used as marijuana-production sites. Routine activity theory is used as a platform to explain how additional situational prevention mechanisms can be used to prevent licensed medicinal-marijuana production from creating building-related health and safety problems in the future. http://bit.ly/cjccjaopf17a
Crime Seasonality across Multiple Jurisdictions in British Columbia, Canada
Shannon J. Linning, Martin A. Andresen, Amir H. Ghaseminejad, Paul J. Brantingham
Seasonal changes in crime have been documented since the mid-1800s, but no definitive consensus has been reached regarding universal annual patterns. Researchers also tend to focus on a single city over a particular time period, and, due to methodological differences, studies can often be difficult to compare. As such, this study investigates the seasonal fluctuations of crime across eight cities in British Columbia, Canada, between 2000 and 2006. Uniform Crime Report data, representing four crime types (assault, robbery, motor vehicle theft, and break and enter) were used in negative binomial or Poisson count models and regressed against trend, weather, and illumination variables. Results suggest that temperature changes impacted assault levels, few weather variables affected the occurrence of robberies, and fluctuations in property crime types were variable across the cities. Moreover, rain and snow had a deterrent effect on crime in cities that were not used to such weather conditions. These findings imply that (a) changes in weather patterns modify peoples’ routine activities and, in turn, influence when crime is committed; (b) universal crime seasonality patterns should not be assumed across all cities; and (c) crime seasonality should be studied at a disaggregate or crime-specific level. http://bit.ly/cjccjaopf17b
When Is a “War” a “Wave?” Two Approaches for the Detection of Waves in Gang Homicides
Martin Bouchard, Sadaf Hashimi
Gang violence and gang “wars” are often described as coming in waves, but little empirical work has been conducted to distinguish between actual “waves” of violence and the more common ups and downs that trends in homicides typically go through. We propose two approaches for the detection of waves of gang-related homicides in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia for a time period (2006–12) when these were considered to occur at a high rate: (1) the monthly waves approach, whereby monthly crime data are used to map the trends in gang-related violence, and (2) the micro-approach, whereby crime waves are detected by examining significant deviations from the mean number of days between homicides. The results show that four distinct monthly waves could be detected between 2006 and 2012, each capturing the peak moments of known gang conflicts. The micro-approach led to the discovery of 12 waves, allowing a more sophisticated understanding of the trends in gang violence. While the identification of “trigger events” before the rise of a wave was relatively straightforward for the four monthly waves, not all 12 micro-waves could be associated with a clear trigger event using open source data. The two approaches should be used in complementarity for a meaningful and accurate understanding of trends in gang violence. http://bit.ly/cjccjaopf17c
“I’ve Lost Some Sleep over It”: Secondary Trauma and the Provision of Support to Older Fraud Victims
Cassandra Cross
The Senior Support Unit (SSU) operates from the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre and uses volunteers (all seniors themselves) to provide telephone support to older fraud victims across Canada. Many fraud victims have experienced significant trauma, and working with them to assist in their recovery can be difficult. Secondary trauma is well established in other contexts as affecting both professionals and volunteers who work with victims. However, secondary trauma has not been examined in the context of supporting fraud victims. Based on interviews with 21 SSU volunteers, it is argued that there are several indicators of secondary trauma evident in the experiences of the SSU volunteers. This article examines the challenges that exist in supporting fraud victims within a secondary trauma framework. This includes the distressing nature of the calls, maintaining boundaries, repeat victims, and suicidal victims. However, it also describes the coping mechanisms that the SSU volunteers have put in place to enable their continued support, primarily focusing on the positives and seeking collegial support. Despite the trauma associated with helping fraud victims, the SSU has developed a strong and positive culture that supports volunteers in that capacity. The article concludes with what can be learned from the SSU example. http://bit.ly/cjccjaopf17d
L’art de raconter une bonne histoire : analyse de la couverture médiatique des gangs de rue à la télévision et sur les plateformes numériques de Radio-Canada
Patricia Brosseau, Jean-Pierre Guay
Le contenu médiatique est le résultat d’un processus de filtrage particulier. En matière de criminalisté, la sélection d’un évènement et l’attention qu’on lui porte dépendent de son attrait médiatique. La violence du crime, la victimisation de plus d’une personne, la vulnérabilité de la ou des victimes ou encore l’absence de lien entre les protagonistes sont autant d’éléments qui contribuent à l’intérêt des médias pour une nouvelle. Certains de ces éléments sont couramment utilisés par les journalistes pour couvrir les évènements criminels concernant les gangs de rue. Or, l’attention médiatique envers les gangs et la manière dont cette attention influence le traitement de la nouvelle demeurent, à ce jour, peu étudiées. Un corpus de 417 reportages diffusés par Radio-Canada à la télévision et sur Internet a permis de comparer le traitement médiatique de 210 reportages au sujet des gangs de rue avec celui de 207 qui portent sur la criminalité de manière générale. Les résultats suggèrent que les nouvelles rapportant des évènements criminels associés aux gangs bénéficient d’un traitement médiatique plus important, notamment par des reportages plus longs et plus complets. Ainsi, indépendamment des éléments qui déterminent ce qui fait une bonne nouvelle, celles concernant les gangs font des histoires médiatiquement intéressantes. http://bit.ly/cjccjaopf17e
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Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice/La Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale
The Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice publishes quarterly coverage of the theoretical and scientific aspects of the study of crime and the practical problems of law enforcement, administration of justice and the treatment of offenders, particularly in the Canadian context. Since 1958, this peer-reviewed journal has provided a forum for original contributions and discussions in the fields of criminology and criminal justice. The CJCCJ emphasizes original scientific research. Recent issues have explored topics such as the Youth Criminal Justice Act, wrongful convictions, criminology research in Canada, and punishment and restorative justice. The Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice appeals to anyone needing to keep abreast of recent criminological findings and opinions: justice administrators, researchers and practitioners and academics.
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice Online is a fully searchable electronic resource and includes a comprehensive archive of regular and special themed issues - including over 500 articles and reviews. http://bit.ly/cjccj_online http://bit.ly/cjccjAoP
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice is also available online at Project MUSE - http://bit.ly/cjccjPM
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
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posted by T Hawkins, UTP Journals