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medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture Some glass images: Le Mans, Cathédrale Saint-Étienne, Bay 17, body of Stephen exposed to beasts, c.1155-65: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/2208434725 Bourges, Cathédrale Saint Étienne, Bay15, Discovery of the Relics of St Stephen window, a set of images, c.1210-15: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/albums/72157623154984786 Bourges, Cathédrale Saint Étienne, Bay 200, Stephen on right, c.1200-25: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/15262513144 Cologne, Schnutgen Museum, from Liebfrauenkirche, Trier, c.1250-60, stoning of Stephen: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/5307261276 York Minster, Chapter House, CHsV, 2a-3a, c.1290-1300: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/5027146483 York Minster, sXXXII, 5a-6a, stoning, c.1306-17, but largely a modern copy: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/4843363102 York Minster, nIV, 3a-7a, figure on left, c.1340: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/29935374014 Heydour, St Michael, Lincolnshire, nV, 2c-3c, c.1346-62: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/3451534501 Bourges, Cathédrale Saint Étienne, Bay 27, Pierre Trousseau, canon of Bourges presented by St Stephen,c.1400-05: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/4266375907 Bowness-on-Windermere, St Martin, east window, 2g-3g, Stephen lower left: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/2419638432 and detail: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/20316943482 Wrangle, St Mary & St Nicholas, nVII, A2, c.1410-30: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/8170447590 Addlethorpe, St Nicholas, Lincolnshire, nIII, A2, c.1420-50: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/6178233379 Addlethorpe, St Nicholas, nIV, A2 (from same cartoon as foregoing), c.1420-50: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/6178258357 Doddiscombsleigh, St Michael, Devon, nII, B2, 15thc.: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/3638965015 Papplewick, St James, sVI, 2a, 15thc.: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/25794588901 Mapledurham, St Margaret, Oxfordshire, east window, 2a, 15thc.: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/5592485982 and detail: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/5592488352 Harpley, St Lawrence, Norfolk, wI, C3 (at top), 15thc.: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/3319543681 Gordon Plumb -----Original Message----- From: John Dillon <[log in to unmask]> To: MEDIEVAL-RELIGION <[log in to unmask]> Sent: Mon, Dec 26, 2016 7:27 am Subject: [M-R] FEAST - A Saint for the Day (December 26): St. Stephen protomartyr medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture In Roman-Rite churches and in others influenced by their sanctoral calendars today (26. December) is the feast of Stephen, protomartyr (d. ca. 34-40). Byzantine-Rite churches celebrate this feast on 27. December. In the Armenian Apostolic Church, which celebrates the Nativity along with the Theophany on 6. January, Stephen's feast is kept on 25. December. The Coptic Orthodox Church celebrates it on Toba 1, i.e. 9. January (two days before the Theophany). We know about Stephen from Acts (6:1 through 8:2; 11:19); a critic of the Temple, he was stoned to death. On the basis of Acts 6:1-6 Stephen has traditionally been thought of as a deacon. St. Augustine relates (_Sermo_ 323) that a merchant seaman from Ancona who had been present at Stephen's stoning picked up a stone that had bounced off the martyr's elbow. He brought it home, where a _memoria_ housing it was set up in the city's church (which latter in Augustine's time and later was dedicated to Stephen). Those who either know the etymology of _Ancona_ or have inferred it from the heraldic device of the homonymous province <http://www.provincia.ancona.it/Immagini/ImmaginiNews/2016logo_news_big.jpg>, where it's ubiquitous on signs identifying a provincial highway, will understand Ancona's particular fitness as a location for this relic. In the diocesan museum in Ancona one may see a late Gothic display reliquary containing what is said to be the very stone: http://www.museodiocesanoancona.it/ancona/allegati/22856/F780051Arid.jpg Herewith some period-pertinent images of the Stoning of St. Stephen: a) as depicted in the mid-ninth-century Drogo Sacramentary from Metz (Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 9428, fol. 27r): http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b60000332/f63.item.zoom b) as depicted in a mid-ninth-century fresco (ca. 855) in the oratory of St. Stephen in the crypts of the église abbatiale Saint-Germain in Auxerre: http://bourgognemedievale.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/auxerre27.jpg c) as depicted in the late tenth- or very early eleventh-century so-called Menologion of Basil II (Città del Vaticano, BAV, cod. Vat. gr. 1613, p. 275): http://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.gr.1613/0297 http://tinyurl.com/j2kl6bo d) as depicted in a late tenth- or earlier eleventh-century troper from Autun (betw. 996 and 1024; Paris, BnF, ms. Arsenal 1169, fol. 6v): http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000516z/f18.item.zoom e) as depicted in a late eleventh-century gradual of French origin (Paris, BnF, Latin 18010, fol. 37v): http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84262769/f78.item.zoom f) as depicted in a late eleventh- or early twelfth-century fresco (from the església parroquial Sant Joan de Boí [also Bohí]) in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya in Barcelona: http://www.museunacional.cat/sites/default/files/015953-000.JPG g) as depicted in a twelfth-century fresco in the church of the abbey of St. John in Müstair (Canton Grisons / Graubünden): https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2554/4121085669_8a07bb6e0e_b.jpg Detail view: http://ibero.mienciclo.com/imgtodo/8/8a/Protomartir.jpg h) as portrayed in relief on an earlier twelfth-century capital at Autun's cathédrale Saint-Lazare (images expandable): http://www.medart.pitt.edu/image/France/autun/Capitals/Autun-cap-25/Autun-Cap25.html Closer views: http://tinyurl.com/ztx4j3u https://www.flickr.com/photos/sharmanka/4648389028 i) as portrayed in relief on the tympanum of the earlier twelfth-century north portal (ca. 1130-1150) of the cathédrale Saint-Étienne in Cahors: http://www.parole-et-patrimoine.org/romanes/images/carnets/cahors_c3.jpg The tympanum as a whole (the Stoning is at right in the second register from bottom): http://tinyurl.com/jnmuepw j) as depicted in a panel of the mid-twelfth-century St. Stephen window in the nave of the cathédrale Saint-Julien in Le Mans (ca. 1155; bay XIX): http://img.over-blog-kiwi.com/1/40/19/56/20150202/ob_1e23d4_306c.jpg k) as depicted (upper register) on the later twelfth-century Châsse saint Etienne de Gimel-les-Cascades (ca. 1160-1170), a very flashy Limousin reliquary with vermiculated backgrounds and protruding heads, in the treasury of the église Saint-Pardoux in Gimel-les-Cascades (Corrèze): http://tinyurl.com/h8wbm76 http://tinyurl.com/j4j53rq An illustrated description of this object: http://www.limousin-medieval.com/chasse-de-gimel-les-cascades l) as portrayed on a later twelfth- or earlier thirteenth-century keystone (betw. 1151 and 1233) in the transept (re-vaulted in the sixteenth century) of the abbey church of Santa María la Real de Irache in Ayegui (Navarra): http://www.arquivoltas.com/6-Navarra/Irache%20G176.JPG Detail view showing Stephen's face: http://www.arquivoltas.com/6-Navarra/Irache%20G177.JPG m) as portrayed in relief on the late twelfth-century west portal (ca. 1180-1190) of the basilique primatiale Saint-Trophime in Arles: http://tinyurl.com/ox6qq4f http://tinyurl.com/oy6vw43 Detail view: http://tinyurl.com/ovg3a6b n) as portrayed in relief on the late twelfth-century portal of the basilique Saint-Just de Valcabrère in Valcabrère (Haute-Garonne): https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2467/3954208282_07768caf8b_b.jpg o) as portrayed in relief on a late twelfth- or early thirteenth-century capital on the west portal of the iglesia de San Esteban in Ciaño, a locality of Langreo (Asturias): http://www.asturnatura.com/Imagenes/lugares/2260/5.jpg http://tinyurl.com/hajhmuk https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4083/5185785664_7b92cf8a92_b.jpg p) as depicted in a pair of panels in the early thirteenth-century Life of St. Stephen window (ca. 1210-1215; bay 10, panels 17-18) in the cathédrale Saint-Étienne in Bourges: 1) panel at left: http://www.medievalart.org.uk/bourges/10_pages/Bourges_Bay_10_panel_17.htm 2) panel at right: http://www.medievalart.org.uk/bourges/10_pages/Bourges_Bay_10_panel_18.htm q) as depicted in a panel of a full-page mid-thirteenth-century illumination of French origin inserted into a later fifteenth-century book of hours (Carpentras, Bibliothèque municipale Inguimbertine, ms. 0077 (\1), fol. 172v): http://tinyurl.com/z4ztcbb r) as portrayed in high relief at lower right in the mid-thirteenth-century tympanum of the west portal of the Sankt Stephansmünster in Breisach am Rhein: http://tinyurl.com/2em2g4r s) as depicted in a mid-thirteenth-century glass window panel (ca. 1250-1260; from the Liebfrauenkirche in Trier) in the Schnütgen Museum in Köln (photograph by Gordon Plumb): http://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/5307261276/ t) as depicted in a panel of a mid-thirteenth-century ambulatory window in the cathédrale Saint-Julien in Le Mans (ca. 1254; bay 201, panel A2): http://www.medievalart.org.uk/lemans/Clerestory/jpeg/Le_Mans_Bay_201_Panel_A2.jpg u) as depicted in a later thirteenth-century Epistles for the Use of Cambrai (1266; Cambrai, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 190, fol. 10v): http://tinyurl.com/75scok v) as portrayed in high relief in a polychromed later thirteenth-century sculpture (ca. 1270) in the cathedral museum in Mainz: https://www.flickr.com/photos/hen-magonza/4521702364/ w) as depicted in a late thirteenth-century copy of French origin of the _Legenda aurea_ (San Marino, CA, Huntington Library, ms. HM 3027, fol. 8v): http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ds/huntington/images//000977A.jpg x) as depicted in the late thirteenth-century Livre d'images de Madame Marie (ca. 1285-1290; Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 16251, fol. 76r): http://tinyurl.com/2e2dk4x y) as depicted in by Bernardo Daddi in an earlier fourteenth-century fresco (1324) in Florence's basilica di Santa Croce: http://www.wga.hu/art/d/daddi/stephen.jpg z) as depicted in an earlier fourteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (ca. 1326-1350; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 185, fol. 76v): http://tinyurl.com/267p2nm aa) as depicted in an earlier fourteenth-century fresco cycle (betw. 1335 and 1350) in the church of the Holy Ascension in the Visoki Dečani monastery near Peć in, depending on one's view of the matter, either the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija: http://tinyurl.com/yfdrw7b bb) as depicted in a later fourteenth-century copy of Guiard des Moulins' _Bible historiale_ (ca. 1371-1372); Den Haag, Museum Meermanno, cod. 10 B 23, fol. 558r): http://manuscripts.kb.nl/zoom/BYVANCKB%3Amimi_mmw_10b23%3A558r_min cc) as depicted in a late fourteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (1382; London, BL, Royal MS 19 B XVII, fol. 26r): http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=47997 dd) as depicted by Giovanni di Benedetto and workshop in a late fourteenth-century Franciscan missal of Milanese origin (ca. 1385-1390; Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 757, fol. 286v) http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8470209d/f576.item.r=.zoom ee) as depicted by Martino di Bartolomeo di Biagio in a late fourteenth-century panel painting (ca. 1390) in the Städel Museum in Frankfurt am Main: https://www.flickr.com/photos/hen-magonza/5888260863 ff) as depicted in an early fifteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay followed by the _Festes nouvelles_ attributed to Jean Golein (ca. 1401-1425; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 242, fol. 16v): http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8426005j/f48.item.zoom gg) as depicted in an early fifteenth-century copy of the _Elsässische Legenda aurea_ (1419; Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek, Cod. Pal. germ. 144, fol. 50v): http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/cpg144/0116?sid=2866a728ad7b56361c2caee24c4550e3 hh) as depicted by Beato Angelico in a mid-fifteenth-century fresco cycle (ca. 1448) in the Vatican's Cappella Niccolina: http://www.wga.hu/art/a/angelico/10/3east/10east.jpg ii) as depicted in grisaille by Jean le Tavernier in the mid-fifteenth-century Hours of Philip of Burgundy (ca. 1451-1460; Den Haag, KB, ms. 76 F 2, fol. 256r): http://manuscripts.kb.nl/zoom/BYVANCKB%3Amimi_76f2%3A256r_min jj) as depicted by Lieven van Lathem in the later fifteenth-century Prayer Book of Charles the Bold (1469; Los Angeles and Malibu, J. Paul Getty Museum, Ms. 37, fol. 24v): http://tinyurl.com/zchjl3d kk) as depicted in a late fifteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (ca. 1480-1490; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 244, fol. 29r): http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8442920n/f63.item.zoom ll) as depicted (right margin at top) in a hand-colored woodcut in the Beloit College copy of Hartmann Schedel's late fifteenth-century _Weltchronik_ (_Nuremberg Chronicle_; 1493) at fol. CIIIv: http://www.beloit.edu/nuremberg/book/6th_age/left_page/7%20%28Folio%20CIIIv%29.pdf Best, John Dillon ********************************************************************** To join the list, send the message: subscribe medieval-religion YOUR NAME to: [log in to unmask] To send a message to the list, address it to: [log in to unmask] To leave the list, send the message: unsubscribe medieval-religion to: [log in to unmask] In order to report problems or to contact the list's owners, write to: [log in to unmask] For further information, visit our web site: http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/medieval-religion ********************************************************************** To join the list, send the message: subscribe medieval-religion YOUR NAME to: [log in to unmask] To send a message to the list, address it to: [log in to unmask] To leave the list, send the message: unsubscribe medieval-religion to: [log in to unmask] In order to report problems or to contact the list's owners, write to: [log in to unmask] For further information, visit our web site: http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/medieval-religion