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Looking back, we wonder how clinicians ever made meaningful clinical decisions without credible quantitative knowledge about whether treatments actually work. Looking ahead, we wonder how clinicians and individual  patients will be able to choose the safest and most effective treatments efficiently and consistently—unless we include high-quality knowledge about heterogeneity in treatment effects in the choosing wisely toolbox.
Elegir Prudentemente. ¿En general o individual? Heterogeneidad.
Choosing Wisely. In general, o in each patient? Heterogeneity.
http://annals.org/aim/article/2580303/can-knowledge-about-heterogeneity-treatment-effects-help-us-cho
-if you have problem with the PDF, contact me
-to improve the lecture, my recommendation is to start with
Individualización del tratamiento. Del "cómo tratar" a "a quien tratar".
Heterogeneity of treatment effects: from “How to treat” to “Whom to treat”.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3621853/
-do not forget
Fundamento de "Choosing Wisely", EEUU, visto desde Austria-Alemania.
De 412 recomendaciones, 131 (32%) valen la pena.
EBM of Choosing Wisely USA, see from Austria-Germany.
Of 412 recommendations, we judged 131 (32%) to be sufficiently trustworthy.

http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/10/e012366.abstract
-un saludo juan gérvas @JuanGrvas  MD, PhD, retired rural GP, visiting professor National School of Public Health (Dep of International Health, Madrid-Spain), visiting professor (1991-2003) Johns Hopkins School of Public Health (Dep of Health Policy and Management, Baltimore-USA)