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Dear all the so called "residual stress" (or it would be better to say the mining and petroleum engineering evidences) are exactly the result of a modified field of forces applied to a rock volume. Indeed, this 'external' (to the body) change implies an 'internal' variation of the stress tensor and with this variation at a given point/time critical conditions (i.e. strength) could be reached, thus giving the above mentioned evidence (like AE, microseismicity, borehole deformation, etc.). In my opinion, referring to residual stresses for describing such phenomena instead of focusing on the sudden and (locally) strong change of the anthropogenic 'genetic' component of the stress tensor, would be somehow misleading. Regards Riccardo On 16/09/2016 10:48, Taija Torvela wrote: > > Dear Mark > > Residual stresses have been long known by mine and tunnel engineers as > well as petroleum engineers and it directly affects well, mine shaft > and tunnel planning especially at great depths due to significant > tunnel/well deformation and danger of rock bursts. > > > A quick Google Scholar search with keywords such as residual rock > stresses or in-situ rock stresses should get you started. References > may include works like: > > > Mathar J (1932) Ermittlungen von Eigenspannungen durch Messung von > Bohrloch-verformungen. Arch Eisenhüttenwes 6(6):277--281 > > Hast N (1955) The measurement of rock pressure in mines. Sveriges > Geologiska Untersókning, Årsbok Serie C: Avhandlingar och Uippsatser > 560, Stockholm > > Lu J (ed) (1996) Handbook of measurement of residual stresses. Chapter > 2: hole-drilling and ring core methods. Fairmont, Lilburn > > Holzhausen & Johnson (1979). The concept of residual stress in rock. > Tectonophysics 58, 237-267. > > ASTM (2008) Determining residual stresses by the hole-drilling > strain-gage method. ASTM Standard test method E837-08. American > Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken > > > Have fun digging deep! > > Taija > > > -*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*- > > Dr Taija Torvela > > Lecturer > > University of Leeds > > School of Earth and Environment > > Earth and Environment Building > > Leeds > > LS2 9JT > > UK > > +44 113 343 6620 > > [log in to unmask] <mailto:[log in to unmask]> > > -*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*- > > Programme Leader > > MSc Structural Geology with Geophysics > > http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/msc-structure > > Now with mining options! > > The Virtual Seismic Atlas -- > > www.seismicatlas.org <http://www.seismicatlas.org/> > > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > *From:* Tectonics & structural geology discussion list > <[log in to unmask]> on behalf of Steven Micklethwaite > <[log in to unmask]> > *Sent:* 16 September 2016 08:55 > *To:* [log in to unmask] > *Subject:* Re: Residual stress in rocks? > Dear Mark, > > Residual stress is a real phenomenon, poorly understood in Earth > Science but perhaps better understood by material > scientists/engineers. It is the stress approaching equilibrium in the > interior of a rock or mineral, when neither normal or shear stresses > are being transmitted through its surface. Crystal-plastic deformation > or phase transitions are potentially responsible for the development > of residual stresses in earth materials. > > It can be measured directly using synchrotron x-ray radiation. It is > possibly amenable to neutron diffraction analysis as well. If you > achieve some reasonable results in your research it will be a very > interesting result and potentially quite high impact. > > For a recent study I recommend; > Chen et al., GEOLOGY, March 2015; v. 43; no. 3; p. 219--222 > > Also the excellent text book; > Zang & Stephansson, Stress Field of the Earth's Crust, Springer. > > I'm actively working on this and am open to discussing collaborations > in the field. > > Regards, > > > > Steven Micklethwaite > > Assoc.Prof. School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, > *Rm 144, 9 Rainforest Walk (Bldg 28)* > *Monash University* > *Clayton, VIC.* > > 0428 231002 > skype: micklethw.structure > > > > > On 16 September 2016 at 02:16, Mark Burdett <[log in to unmask] > <mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote: > > Dear All > > Do rocks retain a residual stress? > > This is a concept I have often heard implied but I had never seen > any research that looked to directly test it. I have one rock > mechanics paper (Bott, 1970) that used stress gauges in a basalt > to suggest the presence of a residual stress (due to volume change > during crystallisation I assume but not stated), but am having > difficulty in finding more on the topic of residual stress. > > Therefore, I am seeking research papers, experiments, and options > from a geological and rock mechanics perspective on the concept of > residual stress in rocks due to factors such as > lithofication/burial, brittle and ductile deformation, volume > change during solidification of magma, and/or mechanical loading > (intact rock testing etc.). > > References and/or reprint PDF of hard to find texts would be > greatly appreciated and best sent off list to: [log in to unmask] > <mailto:[log in to unmask]> > > Many thanks, > > Mark > > Monash University > > Melbourne > > -- -------------------------------------------------------- * Prof. Riccardo CAPUTO * Earthquake Geology and Structural Geology * Department of Physics& Earth Sciences - TectoLab * University of Ferrara, * via Saragat 1 - 44122 Ferrara, Italy * building B, room 204 * tel.: +39.0532.974688 - fax: +39.0532.974767 * e-mail: [log in to unmask] * skype: riccardocaputo * * home address: * via Paolo V, 33 - 44121 Ferrara, Italy * tel./fax: +39.0532.55255 - mob.: +39.347.3237477 --------------------------------------------------------