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Hi HELEN yes! You must have your different scores rated in the same direction. Debbie Sent from Outlook Mobile<https://aka.ms/qtex0l> On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 2:00 PM +0100, "Helen Foster-Collins" <[log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote: Hi there, I am wanting to carry out an exploratory factor analysis on a number of outcome variables from ten cognitive tasks. However, the outcomes from these tasks are measured using various different scales (e.g. number of errors, number of items recalled, response times, etc.) I thought that if I turn all these outcomes in z-scores then this would overcome the problem of different scales. However, I am also thinking that it would be good to recode the variables in the same 'direction' for my output to be interpretable. So, for instance, I could recode Errors as negative, so that high errors would indicate poorer performance on that task. Does that sound correct? And how would I approach something like response times, where smaller/quicker response times are better than longer response times? Could I just work out what my maximum is and take each score away from that? Many thanks, Helen