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Dear Terry, Chuck, Whatever the activity of design is, it relies heavily on human cognitive ability and neuro structures that allow designers to refer to abstract concepts with out limitations to time and space. The structures of thinking, speaking and designing are strongly linked to each other and allow designers and humans in general to do this symbolic reference through the creation of artifacts ( lingual such as text, or spoken language, and designed such all man made artifact that we use and interact with around us). Everything man made artifact is made for a purpose, not functional, but communicative - to coordinate and exchange meaning whether be it by spoken sentences or designed artifacts. artifacts that which their design does not facilitate human communication, end up being thought as meaningless or broken or wrong. Moving on, when we refer to a concept, we also invoke the relationship it has with other concepts. For example, the concept "to put" invokes role players such as who put something somewhere, object or item concept that is placed somewhere, location where the item is placed at or in, and so on. With every artifact or sensed information structure that we perceive (Gibson's ambient light), in the process of recognizing the object sensed we ask and answer: What are we sensing? What does it look like? What does it refer to or symbolizes? Who is it from? Who does it belong to? To what community of people it belongs? When and where or in what context can we use the artifact? This may seem complicated but every adult human, after years of training in childhood, builds a huge memory of experiences that allows them to answer these questions in less then 2 seconds. Designers, what ever the methodology, always structure their artifacts in a ways the enables users to answer this questions effortlessly as possible and to reach the (designer's) intended meaning evoked by the artifact. What design methodologies do is to moderate and pace the creation of artifacts through the exchange, collection, and circulation of information and the conceptualization of design concepts relating to macro contexts and micro details of the artifact. To do so Designers language ( from Krippendorff's "languaging") their creation into being using the language that is practice in their discipline or methodology. Hopefully, you will recognize the (basic) structure of communication above, I'd be extremely supersized otherwise. Best, Yoád David Luxembourg On 6-7-2016 01:50, Terence Love wrote: > Dear Yoad, > > You wrote, > ' Communication and the structures that enables it between people (both in physical terms and semiotic terms) are the unifying principles of design.' > > Please can you say more? > > I'm interested in how what you wrote applies to engineering design or the other technical design fields. > > Best wishes, > Terry > > > ----------------------------------------------------------------- > PhD-Design mailing list <[log in to unmask]> > Discussion of PhD studies and related research in Design > Subscribe or Unsubscribe at https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/phd-design > ----------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- PhD-Design mailing list <[log in to unmask]> Discussion of PhD studies and related research in Design Subscribe or Unsubscribe at https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/phd-design -----------------------------------------------------------------