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medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture Apollinaris is the semi-legendary protobishop of Ravenna. We first hear of him in the earlier fifth century in a sermon of St. Peter Chrysologus (no. 128) where he is said to have been Ravenna's first bishop, to have been its only martyr, and to have been buried among the faithful of that city. In the early sixth century pope St. Symmachus erected an altar to him in his chapel of St. Andrew on the Vatican. A legendary Passio (BHL 623) of sixth- or seventh-century origin makes Apollinaris an Antiochene sent by St. Peter himself to evangelize Ravenna. Reflecting the then general importance of Apollinaris' cult (which had benefited from Ravenna's position as the Byzantine capital in the West), the ninth-century martyrologies of Florus of Lyon and St. Ado of Vienne have fairly lengthy abstracts of this Passio. Medievally, Apollinaris was celebrated on 23. July, his traditional _dies natalis_. Later emphasis on the cult of St. Bridget of Sweden (also 23. July) led to his being dropped from the general Roman Calendar in 1969. Subsequently restored, he appears under today (20. July), with an optional Memorial, in the revised Roman Martyrology of 2001 and in the revised Roman Missal of 2002. In the archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia his feast continues to be celebrated on 23. July. Some period-pertinent images of St. Apollinaris of Ravenna: a) as depicted (lower registers at center) in the restored originally mid-sixth-century apse mosaic of Ravenna's basilica di Sant'Apollinare in Classe (consecrated, 549): http://tinyurl.com/jgegbmh Detail view (Apollinaris): http://tinyurl.com/hfkz9dn b) as depicted (fourth from left) in the heavily restored originally later sixth-century mosaic procession of male saints (ca. 561) in Ravenna's basilica di Sant'Apollinare Nuovo: http://tinyurl.com/gqjqp4v c) as depicted in a mid-twelfth-century _Vitae sanctorum_ (Charleville-Mézières, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 254, fol. 1r): http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht6/IRHT_096218-p.jpg d) as depicted (martyrdom [Apollinaris is asked to join the club?]) in a late thirteenth-century copy of French origin of the _Legenda aurea_ (San Marino, CA, Huntington Library, ms. HM 3027, fol. 80v): http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ds/huntington/images//000945A.jpg e) as depicted (curing the wife of the tribune; the others present are members of the latter's family, all of whom will be baptized) in an earlier fourteenth-century copy of Vincent of Beauvais' _Speculum historiale_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (ca. 1335; Paris, BnF, ms. Arsenal 5080, fol. 104r): http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b55000813g/f213.item.zoom f) as depicted (martyrdom) in a mid-fourteenth-century copy, from the workshop of Richard and Jeanne de Montbaston, of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (1348; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 241, fol. 167v): http://tinyurl.com/3f8bnkh g) as depicted (restoring to life the daughter of the patrician Rufus) in a later thirteenth-century French-language legendary (Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 23686, fol. 150r): http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8446925z/f303.item.zoom h) as depicted (curing the wife of the tribune) in a later fourteenth-century copy of Vincent of Beauvais' _Speculum historiale_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (ca. 1370-1380; Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 15941, fol. 3r): http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8449688c/f13.item.zoom i) as depicted (martyrdom) in a late fourteenth- or early fifteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (Rennes, Bibliothèque de Rennes Métropole, ms. 266, fol. 174v): http://tinyurl.com/z8rhoj2 j) as depicted (martyrdom) in an earlier fifteenth-century copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay followed by the _Festes nouvelles_ attributed to Jean Golein (ca. 1401-1425; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 242, fol. 144r): http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8426005j/f303.item.zoom k) as depicted in the early fifteenth-century Châteauroux Breviary (ca. 1414; Châteauroux, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 2, fol. 218v): http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht2/IRHT_054080-p.jpg l) as depicted (martyrdom) in an early fifteenth-century copy of the _Elsässische Legenda aurea_ (1419; Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek, Cod. Pal. germ. 144, fol. 27v): http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/cpg144/0070 m) as depicted in the earlier fifteenth-century Breviary of Marie de Savoie (ca. 1430; Chambéry, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 4, fol. 541v): www.culture.gouv.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht1/IRHT_035662-p.jpg n) as depicted (upper register: consecrating as a virgin a young girl he had cured; lower register: his torments prior to exile as depicted in a later fifteenth-century copy of Vincent of Beauvais' _Speculum historiale_ in its French-language version by Jean de Vignay (1463; Paris, BnF, ms. Français 50, fol. 356r): http://tinyurl.com/7c48q53 o) as depicted (right margin at bottom) in a hand-colored woodcut in the Beloit College copy of Hartmann Schedel's late fifteenth-century _Weltchronik_ (_Nuremberg Chronicle_; 1493) at fol. CVv: https://www.beloit.edu/nuremberg/book/6th_age/left_page/9%20(Folio%20CVv).pdf p) as depicted in the Suffrages of a late fifteenth-century book of hours perhaps from Paris (ca. 1499-1500; Den Haag, KB, ms. 76 F 14, fol. 123v): http://manuscripts.kb.nl/zoom/BYVANCKB%3Amimi_76f14%3A123v_min Best, John Dillon ********************************************************************** To join the list, send the message: subscribe medieval-religion YOUR NAME to: [log in to unmask] To send a message to the list, address it to: [log in to unmask] To leave the list, send the message: unsubscribe medieval-religion to: [log in to unmask] In order to report problems or to contact the list's owners, write to: [log in to unmask] For further information, visit our web site: http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/medieval-religion