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Dear Wang, These settings regularise the amount of the affine transformations into MNI space / onto the usual MNI templates included in SPM, there's no such version of an "Asian MNI template" within SPM. Thus when working with the default templates the setting "ICBM space template-Asian brains" might be better, but I haven't tried whether this really makes much of a difference (leaving aside that European child brains are smaller than European adult brains as well, which would also require a special setting then if you consider this to be relevant). Note, however, that also several templates have been published for Asian populations, there's even one for children/adolescents, Xie et al., (2015, Dev Cogn Sci, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.08.008 ). I'm not aware of any tissue probability maps and/or Dartel/Shoot templates though, so you might end up with a suboptimal solution, affinely registering onto a more appropriate T1 template and then segmenting and/or high-dim warping into MNI space based on again inappropriate files. Possibly it might even be better to stay with the inappropriate ones right from the beginning then. Best Helmut