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Well, Silver just states [horse and cattle vertebrae] "bodies fuse with epiphyses at 5 years" (p.285), and the lack of detail and lack of source makes me a bit wary about using Silver. Habermehl (1975, 99-102) is more detailed on vertebral fusion, and yesterday I tried to translate his (potentially a bit out of date) terminology. Luckily my google skills were better today. Habermehl quotes Keusch and Grätz (1955), saying that at 1-6 years of age the endplates are unfused to fusing. At 7 years the fusion line disappears first at the lumbar vertebrae and at 9 years at latest all endplates are fully fused to the vertebrae. (p.101-102). On the other hand, Schriener (1966) could not find anything for age estimation in his study of Fränkischen Vleckvieh (p.102), so I guess there is some inter-breed variation going on. /Lena ----- Original Message ----- From: "Haskel Greenfield" <[log in to unmask]> To: "Lena Strid" <[log in to unmask]> Cc: [log in to unmask] Sent: Monday, 15 February, 2016 11:48:23 PM Subject: Re: [ZOOARCH] Fusion age of cattle vertebrae My memory is that Silver includes this in his 1969 summary. It is a classic. Best Haskel Haskel Greenfield Sent from my iPhone > On Feb 15, 2016, at 3:50 PM, Lena Strid <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > > Dear all, > > Is there any information on when the endplates of cattle vertebrae fuse to the vertebral body? Ideally detailed down to cervical/thoracic/lumbar groups. I have from a single Iron Age pit at least four articulated spines (atlas - sacrum) in various stage of fusion* and I would like to age them better than "sub-adult - adult". > > With thanks, > Lena > Files attached to this email may be in ISO 26300 format (OASIS Open Document Format). If you have difficulty opening them, please visit http://iso26300.info for more information. > > This email has been processed by SmoothZap - www.smoothwall.net Files attached to this email may be in ISO 26300 format (OASIS Open Document Format). If you have difficulty opening them, please visit http://iso26300.info for more information. This email has been processed by SmoothZap - www.smoothwall.net