Do you have any suggestions of how to include this covariate? I guess it's more of a time-varying covariate? Or a repeated measures with one behavioural value?Then I forward all subjects .con.nii's into a second-level, where I want to test the effect of a behavioural score, and how it changes between Trial1 and Trial10 (presumably using an F-test such as 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1). Based on some discussions on the SPM list, I thought I would look at it by entering a behavioural covariate (ie Trial10Performance - Trial1Performance). Hence, I thought I would have 1 value per subject.Hi Donald and Cyril,Thanks for the feedback. Let me explain a little more what I currently have: I have a single-subjects model for each subject, where I input 10 conditions, and set up a contrast to compare condition 1 with condition 10 (ie 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 with T-test)If you have other suggestions for design, that would be very much appreciated as well.Thanks,JoelleOn Tue, Aug 11, 2015 at 2:56 PM, MCLAREN, Donald <[log in to unmask]> wrote:If you have repeated-measures, you should not be entering covariates as covariates aren't going to change the relationship between the actual measurements and if you have 1 covariate value per subject, it will be collinear with the subject columns. If there are only 2 repeated-measures, it would be easier to just create a difference image and then do a one-sample t-test with a covariate.If you have a time-varying covariate, then you should be running a linear mixed effects model.Best Regards,Donald McLaren, PhDOn Tue, Aug 11, 2015 at 1:57 PM, Joelle Zimmermann <[log in to unmask]> wrote:JoelleThanks,I have only 1 covariate value per subject, so can I just enter all these numbers in a list ie. [Sub1Covariate, Sub2Covariate, Sub3Covariate...] ?There it just says to "Enter the covariate values per subject (ie all for subject 1, then all for subject 2, etc)."This is more of a technical question, what is the format in which I can input the Covariate vector? I'm not entirely clear on this based on the documentation in the GUI.Hi SPMers,I'm setting up a second-level model, and I want to input a Covariate in the factorial design specification.