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medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture Thanks. Most of the examples of which I'm aware don't seem to have been worn. So this was useful (esp. Biddle, despite his gaffe in treating _eulogia_ as a plural). I'm a little perplexed by Colin Morris on Gregory of Tours. The bit on earth from the tomb furnishing cures and being a prophylactic against snakebite is from _De gloria martyrum_, 6 but there's nothing there about wearing these objects. Gregory's term for them at _GM_ 6, by the way, is _turtolae_, '[little] cakes', presumably referring to their compaction from liquefied earth or rock dust, on which latter cf. the Pilgrim of Piacenza, para. 18. The Pilgrim's word for such a token is _benedictio_, i.e. Latin for Gk. _eulogia_. The following are a couple of recent, well regarded articles having useful things to say on _eulogiai_ from the Early Byzantine period (though their scope is much broader than Jerusalem and vicinity): Matthew J. Dal Santo, "Text, Image, and the 'Visionary Body' in Early Byzantine Hagiography: Incubation and the Rise of the Christian Image Cult", _Journal of Late Antiquity_ 4 (2011), 31-54. Vicky Foskolou, "Blessing for Sale? On the Production and Distribution of Pilgrim Mementoes in Byzantium", _Byzantinische Zeitschrift_ 105 (2012), 53-84, esp. (for Early Byzantine) 54-66. I haven't seen this one, but it's clearly at least broadly pertinent: Lucy O'Connor, "Christ in Majesty on a Late Antique eulogia token in the British Museum", _Convivium_ (Brepols), 1, no. 2 (2014), 74-87. Abstract at: http://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/abs/10.1484/J.CONVI.5.103811?journalCode=convi Best again, John Dillon On 05/30/15, Brenda Wallace wrote: > > My own research is coming at this from the opposite direction (ie looking at pilgrim writings from Jerusalem and at reconstruction of the holy city in the medieval period) so not an expert on medals. > > > The Piacenza pilgrim (c 570) writes of the veneration of the Wood of the Cross: “Whilst they are venerating the cross, they offer oil to be blessed in little flasks. When the mouth of one of these little flasks touches the Wood of the Cross, the oil instantly bubbles over, and unless it is closed very quickly it all spills out.” (Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades, Aris and Philipps 2002 p. 138) > > > > > Colin Morris says this: > > > “By the late 6th century, metal flasks and glass bottles were being manufactured on a large scale at Jerusalem for sale to pilgrims. The flasks were made of a tin-lead alloy, and must have been relatively cheap to purchase: approaching forty survive, in whole or in part. The glass bottles and pilgrim badges were presumably even more available to the general mass of visitors, and the most accessible objects of all were the baked clay disks, stamped with a pattern, that were formed out of soil from the holy places. These must have been very numerous indeed: one collection of ninety-three has been found in Syria. Gregory, who was Bishop of Tours from 573-594, was familiar with such ‘tablets’. He said that they could be worn to provide protection and also that earth from the tomb of Christ healed diseases and protected from snakebite.. . . > > Flasks might be inscribed ‘eulogia of the holy places of the Lord Christ’.” Morris, pp 74-77.He footnotes a reference to J Engemann “Palastinensische Pilgerampullen" Jarhbuch fur Antike und Christentum, 16 (1973) 5-27. > > > He also refers to ampullae in the Crusader era, “they reappeared in the twelfth century. Surviving examples were once again made of a lead/tin material, and unlike their distant predecessors were equipped with small handles or ears which served to attach to a belt for easy carrying.”p 228. > > > Biddle writes: “Because of their region of origin and because they were in many cases, pilgrim eulogia or mementoes designed to recall the places depicted, objects in this category have a special value as evidence for the original form of Constantines's Edicule.” He illustrates, in addition to various flasks, a pewter medallion depicting the resurrection, 44mm diameter, with a hole at the top clearly designed to be hung on a cord, late 6th to early 7th century, now in Stuttgart. (Biddle, The Tomb of Christ, pp 21-24.) > > > I think the inference is that there were both ampullae designed as 'eulogia' and also badges which could be worn; the sources I am looking at are really ones which depict the Tomb of Christ at various eras. > > > Of course, as I am sure you know, the usual 'souvenir badge' for the Jerusalem Pilgrim in the medieval period was a palm branch, hence Chaucer's and others' references to pilgrims as 'Palmers’ - similar to the use of the scallop shell at Compostella. But I am sure that, then as now, there were always traders willing to take money off pilgrims with cheap mass-produced souvenirs! > > > Brenda > > > > > Brenda Wallace > Priest in Charge of Rettendon and Hullbridge > 93 Ferry Road > Hullbridge Essex SS5 6EL > 01702 2333534 07853 088907 > > > > From: [log in to unmask] <[log in to unmask])" target="1">John Dillon > Sent: Saturday, 30 May 2015 19:23 > To: [log in to unmask](javascript:main.compose() > > > > medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture > > Are the early examples of which you speak actually badges, i.e. devices meant to be worn? Usually I see these referred to as tokens or as _eulogiai_. > > Best, > John Dillon > > On 05/30/15, Brenda Wallace wrote: > > > > > Our earliest source of representations of the tomb of Christ in Jerusalem in the early centuries comes from pilgrim badges (and small ampullae, in lead, glass or pottery, which were filled with holy oil, holy water or earth from the holy places). Some of these date from the 6th/7th century. Information about these in Wilkinson, John: Egeria’s Travels, Aris and Phillips 3rd edition 1999 page 174; Biddle, Martin: The Tomb of Christ,Sutton Publishing 2000, chapter 2; and Morris, Colin: The Sepulchre of Christ and the Medieval West, OUP 2005, p 75. > > > > Brenda Wallace > > > > > > > > From: John Shinners <[log in to unmask]> > > Sent: Saturday, May 30, 2015 1:18 PM > > To: [log in to unmask] <[log in to unmask]> > > Subject: [M-R] Pilgrim badges > > > > > > > > > > medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture Does anyone have recommendations for good articles or books on pilgrim badges? I'm especially interested in their evolution. > > > > Also, there is a detail in a picture--by Hinrik Bornemann my slide says--of a bearded man wearing a brimmed, black hat to which are pinned several pilgrim badges, but I have no title for the painting. I have dim memories that he is an anachronistic detail in a crucifixion scene, but I wouldn't bet on it. Does this ring any bells? > > > > Thanks, > > John > > > > -- > > John Shinners > > Professor, Schlesinger Chair in Humanistic Studies > > Saint Mary's College > > Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 > > Phone: 574-284-4494 or 574-284-4534 > > Fax: 284-4855 > > www.saintmarys.edu/~hust(http://www.saintmarys.edu/~hust) ********************************************************************** To join the list, send the message: subscribe medieval-religion YOUR NAME to: [log in to unmask] To send a message to the list, address it to: [log in to unmask] To leave the list, send the message: unsubscribe medieval-religion to: [log in to unmask] In order to report problems or to contact the list's owners, write to: [log in to unmask] For further information, visit our web site: http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/medieval-religion