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medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Nails are versatile fasteners with many applications in crucifixion carpentry beyond the securing of a victim to the timber.

One possibility, with biblical plausibility, is a nail used to secure a written judicial notice at the top of a cross. The Christian iconographic depiction of the acronym INRI (Latin initials for: Iēsus Nazarēnus, Rēx Iūdaeōrum) is typical. John 19:19-22 refers.

Another possibility is a redundant joinery. A mortise or lap-joint securing a cross-beam to an upright, may be reinforced with nails.  

Yet another application might be to secure a hypopodium as a standing platform to support the feet and weight of the victim - presumably to delay death and amplify torture.

In some soil conditions, keeping the cross upright might call for additional timber to brace it and yet another application for nails.

Considering the practicalities of the matter it should surprise nobody that some sources relate the use of as many as 14 nails.

Richard.

On Mon, Mar 16, 2015 at 7:51 AM, Jaye Procure <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture

Wouldn't the fifth nail have been the one in Jesus' side?

Jaye

On 2015-03-15 11:52 PM, "stephen Morris" <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture

Good folk:

Is there ever any indication of where the "5th nail" would have been used in the Crucifixion? It's an intriguing bit of folklore; how might it have been integrated into the Passion?

Thanks in advance!

Stephen



On March 15, 2015, at 8:25 PM, John Shinners <[log in to unmask]> wrote:


medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Hi Genevra,

I happen to be reading about the SATOR-charm in connection with another project, which is why it’s fresh.  I’m getting the SATOR names connected to the 5 nails from a 1958 article from the Canadian Catholic Historical Assoc, by Duncan Fishwick, which is available here:
http://www.umanitoba.ca/colleges/st_pauls/ccha/Back%20Issues/CCHA1959/Fishwick.htm.  It’s also mentioned by Adam Lajtar & Jacques Van de Vliet in an article called “A Late Christian Ostracon from Dongola” here:
The five nails seem to be a Coptic tradition.  “Ancient Christian Magic: Coptic Texts of Ritual Power” (ed. M. W. Meyer and R. Smith, 1994) mentions the 5-nails & SATOR charm (p. 98) and the Coptic 5-nail tradition (p. 325, with text of charm, p. 335).
Am I right in remembering that the 4-nail count is also connected with a vision of St. Brigid of Sweden? (And, mostly unrelated, is it also correct that later 14th-century Nativity details likewise come from her?)

Best,
John


On Sun, Mar 15, 2015 at 6:59 PM, Genevra Kornbluth <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture

Interesting. Among art historians, the change from 4 to 3 nails is generally associated with the increased contortion of the body as pain is ever more emphasized.
I've never heard of the SATOR/AREPO connection. John, can you suggest something I could read about that?
Genevra

On 3/15/2015 6:40 PM, John Shinners wrote:
medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Yes, 5 wounds, 4 nails + a spear; but there is also a tradition​ of 5 nails.  In some instances they are named after the five words in the famous "magic square" palindrome SATOR, AREPO, TENET, OPERA, ROTAS.  I'm less sure about this, but I also recall a medieval disagreement over the number of nails.  Some traditions give 3 (2 for the hands, one for the feet), others give 4 (2 apiece for hands and feet). In any case, 5 sword wounds to the heart could still be analogues of the five wounds of the Passion.

John

On Sun, Mar 15, 2015 at 4:54 PM, Stephen Morris <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Good folk:

Maybe the 5 sorrowful mysteries of the Rosary? 

There were generally thought to be 3 nails used in the crucifixion but 5 wounds of Christ (2 hands, 2 feet, and his side pierced by a spear).

#1 historical fantasy on Kindle Www.StephenMorrisAuthor.com
Sent from my i-phone 

On Mar 15, 2015, at 4:35 PM, John Shinners <[log in to unmask]> wrote:

medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Could the five swords perhaps be analogues of the five nails that pierced Jesus?  That's what first comes to my mind, though I don't know the finer details of Marian iconography.

Best,
John

On Sun, Mar 15, 2015 at 4:12 PM, Genevra Kornbluth <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture

Members of this list were so helpful with my last iconographic problem that I can't resist posting another.
I know about the Virgin Mary shown with her heart pierced by *seven* swords; but I have an image of her pierced by *five* of them.
It's on the web here, lower right:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolon_Stumme#/media/File:Stumme_Hamburg_Altar_04.jpg
Any ideas about why five would be shown rather than the standard seven? Or have I got that wrong? This is all very, very late for me!
thanks,
Genevra
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--
John Shinners 
Professor, Schlesinger Chair in Humanistic Studies 
Saint Mary's College 
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 
Phone: 574-284-4494 or 574-284-4534 
Fax: 284-4855 
www.saintmarys.edu/~hust 

"Learn everything. Later you will see that nothing is superfluous." -- Hugh of St. Victor (d. 1141)
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