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New Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice Advance Online articles available…
Determinants of Police Strength in Canadian Cities: Assessing the Impact of Minority Threat
Rick Ruddell and Matthew O. Thomas
The minority threat proposition posits that the size of minority populations is positively associated with levels of formal social control. Recent research in other nations has shown a clear and consistent relationship between the size of subordinate populations and the number of police as well as increased law enforcement spending. This study examined the relationships, in Canada’s largest cities, between six indicators of minority populations and both the ratio of police officers to residents and per capita policing expenditures. Inconsistent with the results of recent US, German and Spanish studies, indicators of population heterogeneity were not significantly associated with police strength or spending. Levels of police-reported violent crime and population density, however, were strongly associated with both measures of police strength. Police strength was also positively associated with cities that had municipal police services, higher unemployment rates, and the percentage of conservative voters in provincial elections. Implications for the development of theories of formal social control are discussed. http://bit.ly/cjccjaof1
A Process Evaluation of Toronto’s First Youth Mental Health Court
Krista M. Davis, Michele Peterson-Badali, Brian Weagant and Tracey A. Skilling
Youth mental health courts are a relatively new type of specialty court designed to address the mental health needs of justice-involved youth, usually with the ultimate goal of desistance from future offending. As part of a process evaluation of Toronto’s first youth mental health court, court records and files for 127 youth who participated in the program from its inception in 2011 until August 2013 were reviewed to (1) describe the operation of the court and the clients it serves, (2) explore predictors of successful completion of court requirements, and (3) examine how the court addresses the mental health and criminogenic needs of its clients. Most clients successfully completed the court requirements, with case-processing time comparable to that of “traditional” youth courts; completers were more likely than non-completers to have a mental health diagnosis and higher initial treatment motivation. Half of youth received treatment targeted to their identified mental health needs. Analysis of a subsample of cases indicated that, for most youth, mental health issues were indirectly related to their offences, indicating the need to address criminogenic needs in addition to mental health needs in the court. Findings are discussed with regards to best practice for treating justice-involved youth with mental health needs. http://bit.ly/cjccjaof2
Spatial Patterns of Crime in Ottawa: The Role of Universities
Elise LaRue and Martin A. Andresen
This article explores the spatial distribution of crime in Ottawa in 2006. Social disorganization theory and routine activity theory provide the theoretical framework for examining the relationship between the rates of burglary, robbery, and motor vehicle theft, and the two universities, University of Ottawa and Carleton University. A spatial regression procedure that accounts for spatial autocorrelation is used in the analyses. We find support for the use of social disorganization theory and routine activity theory, with the expected relationships between the socio-demographic and socio-economic variables and crime. We also find that universities are the strongest predictors of the rates of burglary and motor vehicle theft. http://bit.ly/cjccjaof3
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The Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice exists for the purpose of publishing, in English or French, original research, information, and views on all aspects of criminology and criminal justice, with priority given to matters relevant to Canada or to Canadians. Its intended audience comprises researchers, students, policy makers, practitioners, and, ultimately, members of the public interested in these fields.
The Editorial Committee seeks submissions that are based on high-quality quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods research. The Committee will also consider publication of articles that address critical issues in criminal justice policy (preferably, evidence-based) and short research notes, which report on empirical results with less attention than a regular article to theoretical framing and implications.
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice is available online at:
CJCCJ online – http://bit.ly/cjccjonline
Project MUSE - http://bit.ly/cjccjpm
Special issues - now available on CJCCJ Online
Essays to Honour the Life and Work of Dr. Carol LaPrairie(CJCCJ 56:4, 2014)
Antisocial Behaviour and the Automobile (CJCCJ 56:2, 2014)
A Festschrift in Honour of Anthony N. Doob (CJCCJ 55:4, 2013)
Articles Commemorating the Work of Jean-Paul Brodeur (CJCCJ 53:3)
Symposium on Racial Profiling and Police Culture (CJCCJ 53:1)
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
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posted by T Hawkins, UTP Journals