medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Herewith some medieval images of Stephen the Younger (Stephen the New). Traditionally the most prominent victim of Byzantine first iconoclasm, he is often shown bearing an icon, either a single one of Christ or a double one of Christ and of the Theotokos.
a) Stephen the Younger (at right; at left, St. Martinianus the Righteous) as depicted in the earlier eleventh-century mosaics (restored between 1953 and 1962) in the katholikon of the monastery of Hosios Loukas (St. Luke of Stiria) near Distomo in Phokis:
http://tinyurl.com/27syeztb) Stephen the Younger as depicted in the mid-eleventh-century mosaics of the katholikon of the Nea Moni on Chios:
http://tinyurl.com/24fzwtvc) Stephen the Younger (bottom register, fourth from left [after Sts. Alypius the Stylite and Jacob "intercisus" / of Beth Lapat]) as depicted in a mid-eleventh-century menologion for the month of November (1055 or 1056; Paris, ms. Grec 580, fol. 2v):
http://tinyurl.com/kllhaold) Stephen the Younger (at far right) as depicted in a late twelfth- or early thirteenth-century fresco in the Palaia Enkleistra ('Old Hermitage') in the St. Neophytus monastery at Tala (Paphos prefecture) in the Republic of Cyprus (for a clearer view, click on the image):
http://tinyurl.com/c4bzm6kAnother view (the saint at left is Paisius the Great):
http://tinyurl.com/d7r5f6ke) Stephen the Younger as depicted in an early thirteenth-century fresco (1208 or 1209), carefully repainted in 1569, in the church of the Theotokos in the Studenica monastery near Kraljevo (Raška dist.) in Serbia:
http://tinyurl.com/qcacsomf) Stephen the Younger (at left; at right, St. Cosmas of Maiuma [Cosmas the Melode]) as depicted in the earlier thirteenth-century frescoes (1230s) in the narthex of the church of the Ascension in the Mileševa monastery near Prijepolje (Zlatibor dist.) in Serbia:
http://tinyurl.com/2arb8f4Detail view (Stephen):
http://tinyurl.com/2f2p3q4g) Stephen the Younger as depicted (at left) in the later thirteenth-century frescoes (ca. 1263-1270) in the proskomede area of the monastery church of the Holy Trinity at Sopoćani (Raška dist.) in Serbia:
http://tinyurl.com/339w2fwh) Stephen the Younger as depicted in the late thirteenth-century frescoes (ca. 1295) by Michael Astrapas and Eutychios in the church of the Peribleptos (now Sv. Climent Novi) in Ohrid:
http://tinyurl.com/3gjoubmi) Stephen the Younger as depicted in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (betw. ca. 1308 and ca. 1320) by Michael Astrapas and Eutychios in the church of St. Nicetas the Goth (Sv. Nikita) at Čučer in today's Čučer-Sandevo in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:
http://tinyurl.com/cd8nt8xThe partly shown figure to Stephen's right is that emblem of opposition to Byzantine second iconoclasm, St. Theodore the Stoudite.
j) Stephen the Younger (at right; at left, St. Theodore the Stoudite) as depicted in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (ca. 1312-1321) in the parecclesion of St. Nicholas in the monastery church of the Theotokos at Gračanica in, depending on one's view of the matter, Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija or the Republic of Kosovo:
http://tinyurl.com/ygactoxDetail view (Stephen):
http://tinyurl.com/c3o7v6ak) Stephen the Younger (at left; at right, St. Theodore the Stoudite) as depicted in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (betw. 1313 and 1318; conservation work in 1968) by Michael Astrapas and Eutychios in the church of St. George at Staro Nagoričane in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:
http://tinyurl.com/7tksv3qDetail view (Stephen, now at right after St. Ephraem the Syrian):
http://tinyurl.com/lze4vqkDetail view (Stephen):
http://tinyurl.com/n66knbdl) Stephen the Younger (at right; at left, St. Sabas of Jerusalem) as depicted in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (betw. 1317 and 1324) in the nave of the church of St. Demetrius in the Patriarchate of Peć at Peć in, depending on one's view of the matter, either the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija:
http://tinyurl.com/23k2734Detail views (Stephen):
http://tinyurl.com/yhgvgrghttp://tinyurl.com/3xyt9ptm) Stephen the Younger as depicted in an earlier fourteenth-century fresco (betw. 1335 and 1350) in the south choir of the church of the Holy Ascension in the Visoki Dečani monastery near Peć in, depending on one's view of the matter, either the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija:
http://tinyurl.com/3clrwbyDetail view:
http://tinyurl.com/3nnj2y4n) Stephen the Younger's martyrdom (lower register) as depicted in a November calendar composition in the earlier fourteenth-century frescoes (betw. 1335 and 1350) frescoes in the narthex of the church of the Holy Ascension at the Visoki Dečani monastery near Peć in, depending on one's view of the matter, either the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija:
http://tinyurl.com/yaz9c64The saints in the upper register (Peter, Andrew, John, _et al._) are probably an admixture of martyrs of the same persecution (represented by Peter the Stylite and Andrew the Calybite) and later opponents of iconoclasm (represented by John of Damascus; compare Stephen's association with Theodore the Stoudite in the frescoes at items i, j, and k above and at item p below). Prior to its revision of 2001 the Roman Martyrology included in this commemoration Basil, Peter, Andrew, and three hundred and thirty-nine monks described as Stephen's companions in martyrdom under Constantine Whose-Name-Is-Dung. The revised Roman Martyrology of 2001 continues to differentiate this Constantine from others by means of the scurrilous epithet _Copronymus_. Shaun Tougher's account of the same emperor in the online encyclopedia _De Imperatoribus Romanis_ offers a nuanced consideration of possible reasons for his persecution (not all of whose victims were iconophile):
http://www.luc.edu/roman-emperors/constanv.htmo) Stephen the Younger as depicted in the later fourteenth-century frescoes (1365-1371) of the monastery church of St. Nicholas at Psača (Kriva Palanka dist.) in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (for clearer views, click on the images):
http://tinyurl.com/d2k8jalDetail view:
http://tinyurl.com/2ejvgxqp) Stephen the Younger (at left; at right, St. Theodore the Stoudite) as depicted in the late fourteenth-century frescoes (1389; restored in 1971 and 1972) in the monastery church of St. Andrew at Matka (near Skopje) in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:
http://tinyurl.com/3vkkwlsBest,
John Dillon
On 11/28/14, "Heintzelman, Matthew" wrote:
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https://www.facebook.com/604882972899463/photos/a.624764970911263.1073741830.604882972899463/743778215676604/?type=1&theater>
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> For November 28, we have Saint Stephen the Younger (died 767), executed during the 8th-century iconoclastic conflicts:
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> "When the emperor [Constantine V] learned that the saint had organized a monastery in prison, where they prayed venerated holy icons, he sent two of his own servants, twin-brothers, to beat the saint to death. When these brothers went to the prison and beheld the face of the monk shining with a divine light, they fell down on their knees before him, asking his forgiveness and prayers, then they told the emperor that his command had been carried out.
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> But the emperor learned the truth and he resorted to yet another lie. Informing his soldiers that the saint was plotting to remove him from the throne, he sent them to the prison. The holy confessor himself came out to the furious soldiers, who seized him, dragged him through the streets of the city, and clubbed him to death. They then threw the lacerated body of the martyr into a pit, where they were accustomed to bury criminals.
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> On the following morning a fiery cloud appeared over Mount Auxentius, and then a heavy darkness descended upon the capital, accompanied by hail, which killed many people." (from
http://orthodoxwiki.org/Stephen_the_New)
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> Matt H.
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> Curator, Austria/Germany Study Center; Rare Book Cataloger, Hill Museum & Manuscript Library (HMML)
> Saint John's University, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7300
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> Phone: 320-363-2795; Fax: 320-363-3222
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>
http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/medieval-religion(
http://www.hmml.org/" target="1">
http://www.hmml.org>
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