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Dear All, Much of the confusion in this thread arises from confused language. The confusion involves the conflation of a specific term used to describes a specific approach to design process with terms that describe other forms of design process. The term is “design thinking.” This is rendered more confusing because there are other terms that roughly describe the same process. These terms include several rough synonyms for the specific term. These terms include: 1) “design-led innovation,” 2) “integrative thinking,” 3) “design integration,” 4) “strategic design,” 5) “frame creation,” 6) “interaction method,” and 7) “design science event flow.” At different points, the term “design thinking” has also been confused with several kinds of process that do NOT constitute a specific design process. That is, the term “design thinking” has been repeatedly confused with terms that are NOT synonyms for “design thinking,” not even roughly. Over the course of this thread, the term “design thinking” has been confused with terms that mean something else entirely: 1) the general design act (“design”), 2) ways of describing how designers think (“designerly ways of knowing”), 3) social science descriptions of that form of thinking that takes place when engaging in the design process (“design cognition”). In addition, the term has been confused in this thread with 5) activities that study design (“design research”), and 6) terms that describe other approaches to design processes (f.ex., “design methods”). This confusion is visible in the title of the thread and the first few posts: “How ‘Design Thinking Research’ and ‘Design Thinking’ are related (or not)?” These suggested that all design research is “design thinking research,” and in this way, it confused all design with “design thinking." This note describes the confusions in language I have seen over the duration of this thread. Warm wishes, Ken Ken Friedman, PhD, DSc (hc), FDRS | Editor-in-Chief | 设计 She Ji. The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation | Published by Elsevier in Cooperation with Tongji University | Launching in 2015 Chair Professor of Design Innovation Studies | College of Design and Innovation | Tongji University | Shanghai, China ||| University Distinguished Professor | Swinburne University of Technology ||| Adjunct Professor | School of Creative Arts | James Cook University | Townsville, Australia ||| Visiting Professor | UTS Business School | University of Technology Sydney University | Sydney, Australia Email [log in to unmask] | Academia http://swinburne.academia.edu/KenFriedman | D&I http://tjdi.tongji.edu.cn Telephone: International +46 727 003 218 — In Sweden (0) 727 003 218 ----------------------------------------------------------------- PhD-Design mailing list <[log in to unmask]> Discussion of PhD studies and related research in Design Subscribe or Unsubscribe at https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/phd-design -----------------------------------------------------------------