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Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice/
La Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale
Volume 56, Number 3, April 2014
This issue contains:
International Protest Events and the Hierarchy of Credibility: Media Frames Defining the Police and Protestors as Social Problems
Jennifer L. Schulenberg, Allison Chenier
The objective of the study is to contribute to the discourse about media by investigating frames and journalistic techniques used by the corporate mass media to establish boundaries for understanding police and protesters at the 2010 G20 Summit, any temporal changes, and the applicability of the hierarchy of credibility at this international protest event. Using data from 2009 to 2011 in two national and one local newspaper, a frame analysis seeks to uncover how the media frame behaviour and events, what are the primary and second definers of reality, and how the police and protesters are depicted as social problems. The findings suggest that media portrayals of the social actors are framed within an inferential structure that shifts from protester violence before the summits to police violence afterward. Episodic coverage and the decontextualization of people and events create the boundaries for discussion, through the use of the attribution-of-responsibility, conflict, economic-consequences, and human-interest generic frames in the areas of security, social problems, and controversy. We conclude that the results depart from previous research by suggesting a reconceptualization of the hierarchy of credibility. Within conflict and human interest frames, this crisis event destabilized the police as primary definers of crime in favour of citizens and protesters. DOI: 10.3138/cjccj.2012.E12
Occupy Ottawa, Conservation Officers, and Policing Networks in Canada’s Capital City
Alex Luscombe, Kevin Walby
Conservation officers have been neglected in policing studies literature due to a bias toward municipal and public police. The work of conservation officers and that of conventional public police overlap in ways that have not been explored. This article examines National Capital Commission (NCC) conservation officers’ involvement in policing networks in Ottawa and, more specifically, NCC regulation of the Occupy movement in Canada’s capital city. Having pitched tents in Ottawa’s Confederation Park, Occupy participants fell under NCC jurisdictional authority. Contributing to emerging literature on policing of the Occupy movement and literature on policing networks, we analyse conservation officer occurrence reports on Occupy Ottawa obtained through federal level access to information requests and results of interviews with NCC officers. We demonstrate how NCC officers participate in campaigns for urban order, nuisance removal, and protest policing in a network including municipal and federal public police, private contract security, and federal intelligence agencies. DOI: 10.3138/CJCCJ.2014.E34
Measuring and Predicting Police Caution Comprehension in Adult Offenders
Sarah J. Chaulk, Joseph Eastwood, Brent Snook
We measured the level of comprehension of two police cautions in a sample of adult Canadian offenders and predicted comprehension with three measures of cognitive ability (i.e., working memory, vocabulary knowledge, and listening comprehension). Participants (N = 60) were asked to listen to both a right to silence and right to legal counsel caution and then interpret them. Results showed that the offenders understood 30% of their rights, and the measures of cognitive abilities were weak predictors of comprehension. The implications of these findings for understanding the factors related to caution comprehension and the administration of justice are discussed. DOI: 10.3138/CJCCJ.2013.E02
Crimes and Punishment: Understanding of the Criminal Code
Sandy Jung, Ph.D., Heather Ahn-Redding, Ph.D., Meredith Allison, Ph.D.
Knowledge about criminal law is expected in our society. There are many important reasons why accurate knowledge should be expected, such as deterring citizens from engaging in illegal conduct and ensuring that people are making sound decisions about supporting or not supporting changes in the criminal justice system. This study surveyed 301 undergraduate students about their knowledge of criminal laws and the associated sentences. Our results indicate that participants were accurate in defining theft and the ages for legal use of substances and in identifying whether specific scenarios describe acts considered sexual offences, but less able to define the blood alcohol level for impaired driving, dangerous driving, sexual interference, or aggravated sexual assault. With regards to sentencing dispositions, participants were not consistently accurate. They also tended to inflate the likelihood of reoffending in general, particularly violent and sexual offending. Prior exposure to the criminal justice system did not seem to be associated with crime and sentencing knowledge or recidivism estimations. Our findings identify areas where young adults are unaware of legal definitions of crimes and their punishments and point out the need to find innovative ways to educate young adults on the Criminal Code. DOI: 10.3138/cjccj.2013.E17
Confidence in the Police: Variation across Groups Classified as Visible Minorities
Jane B. Sprott, Anthony N. Doob
Public confidence in the police is obviously important and is likely to vary across racial/cultural groups and across Canada. However, when national data are being used, differences in views are generally examined through the lens of visible minorities as a composite group compared to non-visible minorities. Using data from the 2009 General Social Survey on Victimization, we argue that it is an oversimplification to talk about the views of visible minorities in relation to the police. Such broad categories of people hide the more nuanced manner in which some groups differ from others on some questions in some locations. DOI: 10.3138/CJCCJ.2013.E10
Book Reviews / Recensions de livres (April/avril 2014)
The Anatomy of Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime By Adrian Raine. New York, NY: Pantheon Books / Random House of Canada. 2013.
Reviewed by Roland Neil, McGill University
Bordeaux: L'histoire d’une prison Par Sébastien Bosséet Chantal Bouchard.Montréal:Éditions au Carré.2013.
Recension faite par François Fenchel, Université Laval
Négociations et crimes en col blanc : Immunités réciproques Par Louise Fines. Paris : L’Harmattan. 2013.
Recension faite par Maxime Reeves-Latour, Université de Montréal
La pénologie. Réflexions juridiques et criminologiques autour de la peine Sous la direction d’ Estibaliz Jimenez et Marion Vacheret. Montréal : Presses Université de Montréal (PUM). 2013. Recension faite par André Normandeau, Université de Montréal
DOI: 10.3138/cjccj.56.3.380
Books Received / Livres reçus April / avril 2014
DOI: 10.3138/cjccj.56.3.381
http://bit.ly/cjccj563h
CJCCJ Online
The Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice publishes quarterly coverage of the theoretical and scientific aspects of the study of crime and the practical problems of law enforcement, administration of justice and the treatment of offenders, particularly in the Canadian context. Since 1958, this peer-reviewed journal has provided a forum for original contributions and discussions in the fields of criminology and criminal justice. The CJCCJ emphasizes original scientific research. Recent issues have explored topics such as the Youth Criminal Justice Act, wrongful convictions, criminology research in Canada, and punishment and restorative justice. The Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice appeals to anyone needing to keep abreast of recent criminological findings and opinions: justice administrators, researchers and practitioners and academics.
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice Online is a fully searchable electronic resource and includes a comprehensive archive of regular and special themed issues - including over 500 articles and reviews.
Special issues - now available/coming soon to CJCCJ Online
Antisocial Behaviour and the Automobile (CJCCJ 56:2, 2014)
A Festschrift in Honour of Anthony N. Doob (CJCCJ 55:4, 2013)
Articles Commemorating the Work of Jean-Paul Brodeur (CJCCJ 53:3)
Symposium on Racial Profiling and Police Culture (CJCCJ 53:1)
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice is also available online at Project MUSE - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/canadian_journal_of_criminology_and_criminal_justice/
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
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posted by T Hawkins, UTP Journals