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Yes. The covariates must be entered in the order of the subjects. This is true for any regression analysis (not just imaging). The decision of whether to input the raw value, scaled value, log-transformed value, standard deviation, variance, absolute value is up to the experimenter. The experimenter must determine the hypothesized relationship, then enter the appropriate values. Best Regards, Donald McLaren ================= D.G. McLaren, Ph.D. Research Fellow, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Postdoctoral Research Fellow, GRECC, Bedford VA Website: http://www.martinos.org/~mclaren Office: (773) 406-2464 ===================== This e-mail contains CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION which may contain PROTECTED HEALTHCARE INFORMATION and may also be LEGALLY PRIVILEGED and which is intended only for the use of the individual or entity named above. If the reader of the e-mail is not the intended recipient or the employee or agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that you are in possession of confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized use, disclosure, copying or the taking of any action in reliance on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this e-mail unintentionally, please immediately notify the sender via telephone at (773) 406-2464 or email. On Wed, Jan 29, 2014 at 8:15 AM, Andy Yeung <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > Dear all, > > Do we need to follow the sequence when we input covariate(s) values into > 2nd level specification? > Eg, scans = subjects 1,2,3,4,5 > then covariate = value from subjects 1,2,3,4,5? > And usually when inputting behavioral scores as covariate, do we input > absolute value/ vector/ standard deviation/ variance? > Would like to know which the usual way to modulate the brain scan data is. > Thanks. > > Yours sincerely, > Andy >