Hi Christian and SPM folks, I am working on a longitudinal data using VBM8. Following the VBM-manual and changing the input data format to adapt to a longitudinal analysis, I sucessfully got the warped normalized gray matter images (wp1mr*). By searching this mail list, I saw that a long time ago Christian mentioned that it was not necessary to output the modulated GM volume (rather than GM intensity) because the spatial normalization (= inverse modulation) is the same across multiple time points. It sounds reasonable. However, I still feel this measure (GM intensity, usually less than 1) was hard to be understood and the results were also hardly interpreted. I am wondering how to make VBM8 to output the modulated images for the longitudinal analysis. I tried to change the parameters stored in cg_vbm8_defaults.m, but it did not work. Thanks. Best, Liang -- Liang Wang, PhD Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101, China