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I personally think that overdiagnosis and overtreatment is not solvable on technical ground because it inevitably involves VALUES related to trade-offs of false-positives vs. false-negatives. It is closely linked to indication & prevention creep. Ash Paul wrote a piece a year or so ago that discussed some of these issues and may be of interest ( From Efficacy to Effectiveness in the Face of Uncertainty Indication Creep and Prevention JAMA. 2011;305(19):2005-2006. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.650. Ben On Oct 10, 2012, at 6:44 PM, "Huw Llewelyn [hul2]" <[log in to unmask]<mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote: Dear All Do you agree that over-diagnosis and over-treatment could be much reduced if we were to arrive at diagnostic and treatment indication criteria in an evidence-based way (as argued in the following 'rapid response' sent this week to the BMJ: http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e6684/rr/606818 )? Huw Llewelyn Aberystwyth University