The dual roles of primary subject and secondary/qualifying subject are widespread beyond space and time. "Research", "education", "training", "analysis", "ecology", etc. can all be primary topics or qualify other primary topics. I vaguely recall that these are generally treated as Energy facet concepts by Ranganathan - it's all a bit hazy. Cheers Gordon On 27 February 2012 at 20:42 Karen Coyle <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > On 2/27/12 10:53 AM, [log in to unmask] wrote: > > Is it because the Space and Time facets > > in many library KOSs (reflected in Ranganathan's PMEST facet citation > > pattern) occupy a special place; i.e. can refine/qualify most other primary > > topics? > > I think it's more complex than that, but it is true that space and time > are common facets in subjects. The complexity comes about, IMO, because > places (and perhaps very rarely, times) can be subjects in themselves as > well as qualifiers on other subjects. Without specific structure (a' la > Ranganathan) it's hard to interpret whether a place name is a topic in > itself or essentially an adjective on the topic: > e.g. are these equivalent: > dc:subject "France" > dc:subject "Cooking" > > dc:subject "French cooking" > > This is a problem with other combinations of terms ("Dogs" "Cooking"), > but the geographic "case" tends to get singled out because it is so common.