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Rhywbeth i chware ag e i ddechrau - Beth am rywbeth fel "lwfans dehongli"? Mae GyrA yn cynnig "lwfans gwallau" am "margin of error" a "lwfans diogelwch" am "safety margin" Siân On 23 Ion 2012, at 15:36, Jones,Sylvia Prys wrote: > Mewn cyd-destun cyfreithiol. > > > Mae'r ddamcaniaeth hon yn cael ei defnyddio gan Lys Hawliau Dynol > Ewrop wrth benderfynu faint o hyblygrwydd a ganiateir i wledydd > sy'n aelodau o'r Undeb Ewropeaidd wrth iddynt ddehongli manylion > cyfraith Ewropeaidd. > Wedi gweld y diffiniad hwn ar y we ond dim syniad sut i'w gyfieithu! > > Diolch ymlaen llaw > > Sylvia. > > > > > Introduction > > "Margin of appreciation" refers to the power of a Contracting State > in assessing the factual circumstances, and in applying the > provisions envisaged in international human rights instruments. > Margin of appreciation is based on the notion that each society is > entitled to certain latitude in balancing individual rights and > national interests, as well as in resolving conflicts that emerge > as a result of diverse moral convictions. In this regard, the > doctrine is analogous to the concept of judicial discretion, where > a judge, in line with certain constraints prescribed by > legislation, precedent or custom, could decide a case within a > range of possible solutions. The role of discretion is > indispensable not only for bridging the gap between the law and > changing realities of dynamic social organisms, but also for > answering the particular questions of a given case in the absence > of overall enacted or case law. In other words, judges are > entitled to exercise discretion to make fair decisions in a > specific case, without being locked into a formula that might not > be applicable to every scenario. > > Similarly, margin of appreciation is designed to provide > flexibility in resolving conflicts emerging from diverse social, > political, cultural and legal traditions of Contracting States > within the European context. Indeed, as shown below, one of the > rationales behind the doctrine relates to the fact that national > authorities are in a better position than the international judge > to assess the concrete circumstances of a case. Yet, the said > discretion must be exercised in a fair and impartial manner that > does not run counter to the standards set out by law, i.e., the > potential abuse of discretion poses the main challenge in the > legitimate application of the doctrine. Since law regulates the > rights and duties of the individual members of a given society, > principled exercise of the doctrine to furnish legal clarity is of > extreme importance. An over-subjective and unprincipled application > of discretion might not only... > -- > Dr Sylvia Prys Jones 01248 382036 <[log in to unmask]> > > Pennaeth yr Uned Gyfieithu/Head of Translation Unit > Canolfan Bedwyr > Prifysgol Bangor/Bangor University > > -- > Rhif Elusen Gofrestredig / Registered Charity No. 1141565 > > Gall y neges e-bost hon, ac unrhyw atodiadau a anfonwyd gyda hi, > gynnwys deunydd cyfrinachol ac wedi eu bwriadu i'w defnyddio'n unig > gan y sawl y cawsant eu cyfeirio ato (atynt). Os ydych wedi derbyn y > neges e-bost hon trwy gamgymeriad, rhowch wybod i'r anfonwr ar > unwaith a dilëwch y neges. Os na fwriadwyd anfon y neges atoch chi, > rhaid i chi beidio â defnyddio, cadw neu ddatgelu unrhyw wybodaeth a > gynhwysir ynddi. Mae unrhyw farn neu safbwynt yn eiddo i'r sawl a'i > hanfonodd yn unig ac nid yw o anghenraid yn cynrychioli barn > Prifysgol Bangor. Nid yw Prifysgol Bangor yn gwarantu > bod y neges e-bost hon neu unrhyw atodiadau yn rhydd rhag firysau neu > 100% yn ddiogel. Oni bai fod hyn wedi ei ddatgan yn uniongyrchol yn > nhestun yr e-bost, nid bwriad y neges e-bost hon yw ffurfio contract > rhwymol - mae rhestr o lofnodwyr awdurdodedig ar gael o Swyddfa > Cyllid Prifysgol Bangor. www.bangor.ac.uk > > This email and any attachments may contain confidential material and > is solely for the use of the intended recipient(s). If you have > received this email in error, please notify the sender immediately > and delete this email. If you are not the intended recipient(s), you > must not use, retain or disclose any information contained in this > email. Any views or opinions are solely those of the sender and do > not necessarily represent those of Bangor University. > Bangor University does not guarantee that this email or > any attachments are free from viruses or 100% secure. Unless > expressly stated in the body of the text of the email, this email is > not intended to form a binding contract - a list of authorised > signatories is available from the Bangor University Finance > Office. www.bangor.ac.uk