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Ymddengys fod y gair "valid" yn cael ei ddefnyddio yn y dyfyniadau isod i olygu "perthnasol" - "a direct and clear relationship". Ceir rhywbeth tebyg gan Edexcel "All claims for certification must be supported by evidence for each candidate that is: * valid - relevant to the standards for which competence is claimed * authentic - produced by the candidate * reliable - accurately reflects the level of performance which has been consistently demonstrated by the candidate * current - sufficiently recent for confidence to be held the same level of skill, understanding and knowledge exists at the time of claim * sufficient - meets in full ALL the requirements of the standards" Claire From: Discussion of Welsh language technical terminology and vocabulary [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Ann Corkett Sent: 26 July 2011 18:34 To: [log in to unmask] Subject: Re: valid and authentic Mae bron 500 o enghreifftiau o'r ymadrodd "valid, sufficient and authentic evidence" ar Google. Wedyn chwiliais am "valid evidence" + "sufficient evidence" + "authentic evidence", gan obeithio cael diffiniadau. Byddai'n werth ichi wneud hynny. Dyma'r ddwy enghraifft gyntaf yr edrychais arnynt, sy'n awgrymu y dewch ar draws "current evidence" hefyd. Mae'r ddau yn awgrymu y rhoddir ystyron gwahanol i "sufficient" ac "authentic", bod rhaid cael tystiolaeth ddigonol y gellir hefyd brofi ei bod yn dystiolaeth o ran yr ymgeisydd ei hun, nid rhywun arall. Gadawaf i eraill wneud rhagor o ymchwil a phenderfynu sut i gyfleu hynny mewn un gair - 'rwy'n gobeithio mynd allan i ginio! Nos da, Ann Dyma un: The Australian Quality Training Framework 2007 is a set of standards that ensure the quality of training and assessment in Australia. These standards state that all assessments must be judged upon the 'rules of evidence'. The rules are as follows: Sufficient evidence must be gathered to show consistency in your ability to apply the relevant skill or knowledge across a range of situations or contexts. Valid evidence shows a direct and clear relationship between the evidence and the competency. Authentic evidence that can be verified as the person's own work, and has not been copied or taken from the work of others. Current evidence is up to date and current for the relevant qualification or competency. Dyma un arall, o fyd rasio cefyllau mewn harnais: Valid evidence Evidence of competence must cover the broad range of knowledge, skills and the application of such knowledge and skills specified in the Assessment and Workplace Training Competency Standards. When assessing against the Assessment and Workplace Training Competency Standards, assessors need to ensure that the evidence collected focuses on the appropriate knowledge and skills specified in the Performance Criteria and Evidence Guides. Sufficient evidence This relates to the amount of evidence. Assessors must collect enough evidence to satisfy that the person being assessed is competent across all elements according to the performance criteria, taking into account the Range of Variables. To ensure enough evidence of competence is collected, it may be necessary or desirable to use a supplementary source of evidence such as oral or written questioning, case studies or third party reports. Current evidence An assessor needs to determine the recency of the evidence of competence. The focus is on whether the person being assessed has current competencies in assessment and/or training. The issue of currency of evidence is of particular concern when assessing for the purposes of recognition of current competencies. Authentic evidence Evidence needs to be checked for authenticity - that is, it actually relates to the performance of the person being assessed, and not that of another person. To determine authenticity, validation of the evidence by a third party may be necessary. ________________________________ From: Discussion of Welsh language technical terminology and vocabulary [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Gareth Jones Sent: 27 July 2011 09:51 To: [log in to unmask] Subject: valid and authentic Dyma'r cyd-destun: When the Internal Verifier is satisfied that the assessment process is appropriate and that the evidence of achievement is valid, sufficient and authentic, the formative assessment sheets are signed by the Internal Verifier. A oes angen gwahaniaethu rhwng 'valid' ac 'authentic' yn y cyfeithiad, neu a fyddai 'dilys' yn gwneud y tro am y ddau.