The Scandinavian school of participatory design within information systems traces its roots to sociotechnical systems, action research and the Tavistock school of the 1950s. The seminal methods were developed in the late 1970s and were mostly geared towards workplace emancipation. Pelle Ehn's "Work-Oriented Design of Computer Artifacts" is a mandatory source here: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1102017 Best, Jonas Löwgren