[log in to unmask]>
--20cf3054a2f72ca08e049d4f4d70
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Set the interpolation option to nearest neighbor. That should make it exact.
Also, you might want to think about other transforms since the data is
likely not to be normally distributed.
Best Regards, Donald McLaren
================D.G. McLaren, Ph.D.
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, GRECC, Bedford VA
Research Fellow, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School
Office: (773) 406-2464
====================This e-mail contains CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION which may contain PROTECTED
HEALTHCARE INFORMATION and may also be LEGALLY PRIVILEGED and which is
intended only for the use of the individual or entity named above. If the
reader of the e-mail is not the intended recipient or the employee or agent
responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby
notified that you are in possession of confidential and privileged
information. Any unauthorized use, disclosure, copying or the taking of any
action in reliance on the contents of this information is strictly
prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this e-mail
unintentionally, please immediately notify the sender via telephone at (773)
406-2464 or email.
On Sun, Feb 27, 2011 at 10:13 AM, Nynke L
<[log in to unmask]>wrote:
> Hello all,
>
> I have a particular group level analysis for which I want to use spm.
> However, till now I don't manage to so I hope you have suggestions for me.
>
> I use fMRI for the prediction of a certain binary outcome. Therefore, I use
> a different classification software package that computes
> prediction-accuracies for all voxels. For each subject, I have a .nii file
> with as values the accuracies (range between 0 and 1). So, this is a brain
> map just like you usually feed to the second level.
>
> What I want to test in the second level analysis is which brain areas have
> accuracies significantly higher than 0.5. So I want to test against the
> null-hypothesis that accuracies are 0.5 or lower. Now the problem is that
> the 1 sample t-test in spm on default tests against the null-hypothesis that
> the values are zero or higher.... So my first question is whether it is
> possible to set a custum value for the t-test to test against a manually set
> value?
>
> I already tried a different approach, namely subtracting 0.5 from the
> values in my input images (to put them in the default spm t-test). However,
> when I trie to do this with the image calculator of spm (with as expression
> i1 - 0.5) I do not get correct results: I do not get a map with exactly 0.5
> subtracted from each value but a range between 0.4-0.6. It seems that
> spm-image-calc is also doing something else with the image... So my second
> question is: how can I make image-calc subtract exactly 0.5 from all values
> in the image?
>
> Thanks in advance!
>
> Best regards,
> Nynke van der Laan
>
--20cf3054a2f72ca08e049d4f4d70
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Set the interpolation option to nearest neighbor. That should make it exact.
Also, you might want to think about other transforms since the data is likely not to be normally distributed.
Best Regards, Donald McLaren
=================
D.G. McLaren, Ph.D.
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, GRECC, Bedford VA
Research Fellow, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Office: (773) 406-2464
=====================
This e-mail contains CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION which may contain PROTECTED HEALTHCARE INFORMATION and may also be LEGALLY PRIVILEGED and which is intended only for the use of the individual or entity named above. If the reader of the e-mail is not the intended recipient or the employee or agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that you are in possession of confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized use, disclosure, copying or the taking of any action in reliance on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this e-mail unintentionally, please immediately notify the sender via telephone at (773) 406-2464 or email.
On Sun, Feb 27, 2011 at 10:13 AM, Nynke L
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:
Hello all,
I have a particular group level analysis for which I want to use spm. However, till now I don't manage to so I hope you have suggestions for me.
I use fMRI for the prediction of a certain binary outcome. Therefore, I use a different classification software package that computes prediction-accuracies for all voxels. For each subject, I have a .nii file with as values the accuracies (range between 0 and 1). So, this is a brain map just like you usually feed to the second level.
What I want to test in the second level analysis is which brain areas have accuracies significantly higher than 0.5. So I want to test against the null-hypothesis that accuracies are 0.5 or lower. Now the problem is that the 1 sample t-test in spm on default tests against the null-hypothesis that the values are zero or higher.... So my first question is whether it is possible to set a custum value for the t-test to test against a manually set value?
I already tried a different approach, namely subtracting 0.5 from the values in my input images (to put them in the default spm t-test). However, when I trie to do this with the image calculator of spm (with as expression i1 - 0.5) I do not get correct results: I do not get a map with exactly 0.5 subtracted from each value but a range between 0.4-0.6. It seems that spm-image-calc is also doing something else with the image... So my second question is: how can I make image-calc subtract exactly 0.5 from all values in the image?
Thanks in advance!
Best regards,
Nynke van der Laan
--20cf3054a2f72ca08e049d4f4d70--
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 09:55:35 +0100
Reply-To: Marko Wilke <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Marko Wilke <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: SPM8 error
Comments: To: Glen Lee <[log in to unmask]>
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
Hi Glen,
this could be an installation problem, perhaps try using a
newly-downloaded SPM, install the latest updates on top of it and
install it into a directory without spaces (say, 'C:\Test\SPM8'), and
then only add this directory to the Matlab path.
Cheers,
Marko
Glen Lee wrote:
> Hello SPMers,
> Does anybody help me figuring out what this error message (Error using
> ==> < a href="matlab: opentonline ('cfg_util.m',808,0)"> cfg_util at 808
> ) mean and how i can resolve this issue?
> I get this same error no matter what I try (e.g., realign, normalize,
> etc) in SPM8 (also see attached)
> Let me know. Thanks in advance.
>
> Glen
>
>
--
____________________________________________________
PD Dr. med. Marko Wilke
Facharzt für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin
Leiter, Experimentelle Pädiatrische Neurobildgebung
Universitäts-Kinderklinik
Abt. III (Neuropädiatrie)
Marko Wilke, MD, PhD
Pediatrician
Head, Experimental Pediatric Neuroimaging
University Children's Hospital
Dept. III (Pediatric Neurology)
Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1
D - 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Tel. +49 7071 29-83416
Fax +49 7071 29-5473
[log in to unmask]
http://www.medizin.uni-tuebingen.de/kinder/epn
____________________________________________________
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 09:06:14 +0000
Reply-To: John Ashburner <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: John Ashburner <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: normalization failure (anterior posterior mismatch)
Comments: To: Yune Lee <[log in to unmask]>
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
Before running the spatial normalisation, you'll need to ensure that
the image is in approximate alignment with the templates (Check Reg
button). For these images, it appears that they are either rotated by
180 degrees (about the z axis) or flipped in the anterior posterior
direction.
Best regards,
-John
On 28 February 2011 00:55, Yune Lee <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
> Dear SPM experts,
> I've encountered a normalization failure, such that there is a mismatch of
> anterior-posterior between a template (EPI.nii) and a source image
> (meanbold.nii)
> This is clearly shown in the attached PDF file.
> Any help wold be greatly appreciated.
>
> Thanks in advance,
> YSL
>
>
>
>
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 14:41:37 +0530
Reply-To: sarika cherodath <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: sarika cherodath <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: question on VOI analysis
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundaryMessage-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
--00248c05002ff8481b049d5412cf
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Hi SPMers,
I have been trying to perform VOI analysis to obtain signal changes
at a particular area for individual subjects in the dataset, so as to make
correlations with behavioral scores. When i tried to calculate the values,
SPM returns the same value for all subjects! Can anybody explain why this
might be? The dataset has been analysed at second level and then moved to
another directory (along with first level data). Is it possible that SPM is
not able to access the data because of the path change??
Thanks in advance,
--
Sarika Cherodath
Graduate Student
National Brain Research Centre
Manesar, Gurgaon -122050
India
--00248c05002ff8481b049d5412cf
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hi SPMers,
I have been trying to perform VOI analysis to obtain signal changes at a particular area for individual subjects in the dataset, so as to make correlations with behavioral scores. When i tried to calculate the values, SPM returns the same value for all subjects! Can anybody explain why this might be? The dataset has been analysed at second level and then moved to another directory (along with first level data). Is it possible that SPM is not able to access the data because of the path change??
Thanks in advance,
--
Sarika Cherodath
Graduate Student
National Brain Research Centre
Manesar, Gurgaon -122050
India
Applications are invited for an 18
month postdoctoral
fellowship in
the human multimodal neuroimaging project “Linking the major system
markers for typical and atypical brain development: a multimodal imaging and
spectroscopy study” (http://www.zihp.uzh.ch/1610.php#45)
funded by the Zürich Institute of Human Physiology.
This study will investigate the
major physiological markers of brain development, using a combination of multimodal
brain imaging (e.g., simultaneous EEG-fMRI, see Lüchinger et al., 2011, NeuroImage,
in press)
and MR-spectroscopy methods (i.e., GABA, see O’Gorman et al., 2011, J. of
Mag. Reson. Img., in press). The initial phase of the study will establish
baseline neurotransmitter levels, cerebral blood flow (e.g., perfusion MRI) and
EEG frequency and power at rest in children, adolescents, and adults. Examining
the interactions between these markers and the changes they demonstrate with
age and hormone levels will allow to better understanding the global and
regional processes underlying brain maturation. In addition, we will
investigate changes in these physiological markers with (a) memory tasks (see
Michels et al., 2010, PLoS ONE) and (b) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD, see Doehnert et al., Biol Psychiatry, 2010). The starting
date of the position is May 2011.
Our department is equipped with 64-channel fMRI-compatible EEG equipment and a
3 Tesla GE scanner, which is mainly dedicated for research questions.
The successful applicant will have a
PhD research background in Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurophysiology, Psychology,
Neuropsychology, or related fields. Fluency in English and the ability to work within a
multidisciplinary team are essential. Applicants must be experienced at
conducting fMRI and/or EEG studies –demonstrated by at least 2 first
author publications in international peer-reviewed journals– and be
familiar with analysis software such as SPM/Matlab, BrainVoyager and/or
FSL. Experience with stimulus presentation software (such as Presentation),
UNIX, and programming languages a plus.
Salaries are in accordance with the
Swiss National Research Foundation.
APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS: To apply, please send a
curriculum vitae, a personal statement describing research interests, 3 letters
of recommendations, and up to 3 article reprints/preprints (max. 2 MB!!!) to:
Dr Lars Michels
[log in to unmask]
MR-Zentrum
University Children’s Hospital
Steinwiesstrasse 75
Zürich 8032
Switzerland
Reviews of applications will begin
on the 1st of March and
will continue until the position is filled.
------_=_NextPart_001_01CBD727.BC9EDDD6--
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 09:48:36 +0000
Reply-To: Vincent Koppelmans <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Vincent Koppelmans <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Adjusting Dartel for ICV: RC volumes or C volumes
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
Dear SPM experts,
If you adjust for intra cranial volume in a dartel analyses on gray matter, would it be best to have your ICV calculated from the RC files or the C files. I have read that C files are a little bit more accurate than the RC files. Then again, the dartel analysis uses RC files, therefore volumes calculated from RC files would match the data best, right? Kind regards,
Vincent
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 11:43:44 +0100
Reply-To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gemma_Monté?= <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gemma_Monté?= <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: Adjusting Dartel for ICV: RC volumes or C volumes
Comments: To: Vincent Koppelmans <[log in to unmask]>
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundaryMessage-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
--0015175cb1445b46e5049d555ca2
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Hi Vincent,
I suggest you use the c*.nii files. They are the tissue classes in native
space.
You are right, DARTEL takes information encoded in the rc*.nii files.
However, the flow fields u_rc1*.nii files are applied to the c1*.nii to
create the warped files. So finally, you obtain files in the form
swmc1*.nii, either in the DARTEL space or in the MNI space. You can check
that the volumes of the GM Jacobian scaled images (without smoothing) by
DARTEL are the same than the volume of the GM segments in native space
(c1*.nii files).
Hope this helps,
Gemma
On 28 February 2011 10:48, Vincent Koppelmans <[log in to unmask]>wrote:
> Dear SPM experts,
>
> If you adjust for intra cranial volume in a dartel analyses on gray matter,
> would it be best to have your ICV calculated from the RC files or the C
> files. I have read that C files are a little bit more accurate than the RC
> files. Then again, the dartel analysis uses RC files, therefore volumes
> calculated from RC files would match the data best, right? Kind regards,
>
> Vincent
>
<[log in to unmask]>
--0015175cb1445b46e5049d555ca2
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hi Vincent,
I suggest you use the c*.nii files. They are the tissue classes in native space.
You are right, DARTEL takes information encoded in the rc*.nii files. However, the flow fields u_rc1*.nii files are applied to the c1*.nii to create the warped files. So finally, you obtain files in the form swmc1*.nii, either in the DARTEL space or in the MNI space. You can check that the volumes of the GM Jacobian scaled images (without smoothing) by DARTEL are the same than the volume of the GM segments in native space (c1*.nii files).
Hope this helps,
Gemma
On 28 February 2011 10:48, Vincent Koppelmans
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:
Dear SPM experts,
If you adjust for intra cranial volume in a dartel analyses on gray matter, would it be best to have your ICV calculated from the RC files or the C files. I have read that C files are a little bit more accurate than the RC files. Then again, the dartel analysis uses RC files, therefore volumes calculated from RC files would match the data best, right? Kind regards,
Vincent
--0015175cb1445b46e5049d555ca2--
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 11:50:23 +0100
Reply-To: michel grothe <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: michel grothe <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: Adjusting Dartel for ICV: RC volumes or C volumes
Comments: To: [log in to unmask]
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="_90f969e0-6ae7-4793-8d3b-790a0b77c215_"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
--_90f969e0-6ae7-4793-8d3b-790a0b77c215_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Dear Vincent,
the rc*-files are rigid-body (6-P) transformed versions of the c*-files and total tissue calculations should therefore be exactly the same between the two files. Given that modulation aims to preserve the native amount of tissue, totals calculated from mwrc*-files should also be equal to the ones calculated from c*- or rc*-files, although they might differ slightly because of interpolation issues. Do totals calculated from the different image-types differ in your case?
Best regards,
Michel
> Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 09:48:36 +0000
> From: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: [SPM] Adjusting Dartel for ICV: RC volumes or C volumes
> To: [log in to unmask]
>
> Dear SPM experts,
>
> If you adjust for intra cranial volume in a dartel analyses on gray matter, would it be best to have your ICV calculated from the RC files or the C files. I have read that C files are a little bit more accurate than the RC files. Then again, the dartel analysis uses RC files, therefore volumes calculated from RC files would match the data best, right? Kind regards,
>
> Vincent
--_90f969e0-6ae7-4793-8d3b-790a0b77c215_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Dear Vincent,
the rc*-files are rigid-body (6-P) transformed versions of the c*-files and total tissue calculations should therefore be exactly the same between the two files. Given that modulation aims to preserve the native amount of tissue, totals calculated from mwrc*-files should also be equal to the ones calculated from c*- or rc*-files, although they might differ slightly because of interpolation issues. Do totals calculated from the different image-types differ in your case?
Best regards,
Michel
> Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 09:48:36 +0000
> From: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: [SPM] Adjusting Dartel for ICV: RC volumes or C volumes
> To: [log in to unmask]
>
> Dear SPM experts,
>
> If you adjust for intra cranial volume in a dartel analyses on gray matter, would it be best to have your ICV calculated from the RC files or the C files. I have read that C files are a little bit more accurate than the RC files. Then again, the dartel analysis uses RC files, therefore volumes calculated from RC files would match the data best, right? Kind regards,
>
> Vincent
--_90f969e0-6ae7-4793-8d3b-790a0b77c215_--
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 10:59:22 +0000
Reply-To: Vladimir Litvak <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Vladimir Litvak <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: [SPM DCM] how to specify the modulation?
Comments: To: =?UTF-8?B?6aOe6bif?= <[log in to unmask]>
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
Dear Haoran,
2011/2/27 飞鸟 <[log in to unmask]>:
> Hello all,
> 　　When you analysis your data with the method of DCM, have you ever met the
> problem about how to specify the modulation? Now I choose 7 basic models,
> and then assume all the connections in each basic model are modulated by the
> experimental manipulation. What I want to know is that whether or not this
> is reasonable
Usually one would have a hypothesis about which specific connections
are affected by the experimental condition.
>In addition, is it possible that the connections
> between two sources could include forward connectivity, backward
> connectivity and lateral connectivity at the same time?
No. Every connection can only have one type.
Vladimir
> 　　Any help will be grateful!
>
> --
> Haoran LI (MS)
> Brain Imaging Lab,
> Research Center for Learning Science,
> Southeast University
> 2 Si Pai Lou , Nanjing, 210096, P.R.China
>
>
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 12:02:19 +0100
Reply-To: Marko Wilke <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Marko Wilke <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: F-values
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
Dear All,
at the risk of (once again) exhibiting my statistical ignorance, I
wanted to ask for feedback re: an effect I see when doing F-tests. I am
comparing sessions with different numbers of covariates and compute an
omnibus F-test in SPM (for the covariates only) and sum the resulting
F-values. As expected, I see that there seems to be an optimum number of
covariates as the sum of F-values first increases, then decreases when
adding more covariates. I expected this to be a function of the degrees
of freedom but I cannot seem to find the piece of code where these are
taken into account. Any input is appreciated.
Cheers,
Marko
--
____________________________________________________
PD Dr. med. Marko Wilke
Facharzt für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin
Leiter, Experimentelle Pädiatrische Neurobildgebung
Universitäts-Kinderklinik
Abt. III (Neuropädiatrie)
Marko Wilke, MD, PhD
Pediatrician
Head, Experimental Pediatric Neuroimaging
University Children's Hospital
Dept. III (Pediatric Neurology)
Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1
D - 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Tel. +49 7071 29-83416
Fax +49 7071 29-5473
[log in to unmask]
http://www.medizin.uni-tuebingen.de/kinder/epn
____________________________________________________
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 14:12:21 +0000
Reply-To: SUBSCRIBE FSL Patricia Pires <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: SUBSCRIBE FSL Patricia Pires <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: DTI with SPM
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
Hello,
i am new in the SPM forum and i will be glad if somebody could help me. My question is concerning to preocess DTI images with SPM. I have processed DTI images (FA; MD, RD...) with FSL. Could anyone tell me some lecture to find how process (e.g. FA images) with SPM or where to find information concernig SPM and FSL procedures softwares differences?
Thank you very much,
Patricia.
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 15:25:26 +0100
Reply-To: Janani Dhinakaran <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Janani Dhinakaran <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Unsubscribe me please
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary cf3079b77ea0b2a8049d5874c7
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
--20cf3079b77ea0b2a8049d5874c7
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Thank you.
--20cf3079b77ea0b2a8049d5874c7
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Thank you.
--20cf3079b77ea0b2a8049d5874c7--
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 15:29:46 +0100
Reply-To: Wolfgang Weber-Fahr <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Wolfgang Weber-Fahr <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Job Anouncement ZI-Mannheim, Germany
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
The Central Institute of Mental Health (State Foundation) is an
internationally
renowned research institute in the field of psychiatry and neuroscience,
home
of the Department of Psychiatry of the Medical Faculty Mannheim of the
University of Heidelberg as well as psychiatric hospital with 255 inpatient
and 52 day-hospital beds.
Within several new projects funded by the European Union and the Federal
Ministry
of Education and Research we offer
2 Positions for PostDocs and PhD-Students
in the area of rodent magnetic resonance functional-, perfusion- and
diffusion tensor (DTI)
imaging at 9.4 Tesla.
The Central Institute of Mental Health is equipped with a latest
generation 210 mm
horizontalbore Bruker BioSpec animal system and additional cryogenic MR
coils for
1H and 13C detection in the mouse brain as well as two 3 Tesla human
whole body MR-scanners.
The positions are for two years initially and located in the research
group Translational Imaging.
Potential applicants should have a diploma or master in physics,
physical chemistry or neuroscience,
or an equivalent field. The ideal candidate from the quantitative
sciences has a solid background
in NMR physics, signal detection and processing theory, and is familiar
with the
Bruker Paravision environment. Experience in other computer languages,
Matlab or IDL,
is desirable.
We have openings in these primary fields of research:
• Establishment of manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI)
for a the longitudinal assessment of connectivity and neuronal activity
in experimental animals.
• Development of methods for the acquisition and post processing of
functional
BOLD imaging data with optogenetics for the identification and
investigation of brain networks.
• Diffusion Tensor Imaging for the investigation of structural integrity
in different
psychiatric mouse-models.
The candidate would also collaborate on several ongoing animal studies
of schizophrenia, depression,
substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders in mouse and rat models.
The assistance in the general supervision of the animal scanner would
also be part of the position.
More information can be found at
http://www.zi-mannheim.de/transl_imaging.html.
We offer an interesting job in a leading research hospital with a strong
emphasis on MR-Imaging,
salary is according to the German TV-L pay scale, including the social
benefits of the public service sector.
For further information please contact Dr. Wolfgang Weber-Fahr, Tel. +49
621 1703-2961,
E-Mail: [log in to unmask]
Homepage: www.zi-mannheim.de/start_en.html
----------------------------------------------------------
Wolfgang Weber-Fahr, Dr.rer.nat.
Head RG Translational Imaging
Neuroimaging Department
Central Institute of Mental Health
J5
68072 Mannheim
Germany
email:[log in to unmask]
phone: ++49 621 1703 2961
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 10:36:54 -0500
Reply-To: zao liu <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: zao liu <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: regions of brain corresponding to VBM coordinates
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundaryMessage-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
--0015174bf21c068a29049d5973e3
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
*Dear All,*
**
*I did VBM analysis on our T1-w images and would like to know if there is a
way to get the names of regions of activation in the brain from the
coordinates (which comes as a report at the end of VBM, i.e voxelwise,
cluster wise and set level reports). One more clarification the coordinates
reported are in MNI right and are mm not voxel coordinates right.*
--0015174bf21c068a29049d5973e3
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Dear All,
I did VBM analysis on our T1-w images and would like to know if there is a way to get the names of regions of activation in the brain from the coordinates (which comes as a report at the end of VBM, i.e voxelwise, cluster wise and set level reports). One more clarification the coordinates reported are in MNI right and are mm not voxel coordinates right.
--0015174bf21c068a29049d5973e3--
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 16:35:44 +0000
Reply-To: Richard Binney <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Richard Binney <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: PPI: adjust for effects of interest
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundarye6ba1efe9a7601f6049d5a45df
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
--90e6ba1efe9a7601f6049d5a45df
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Hi Darren G/ Karl F/other PPI-ers,
I can't find any posts on this and wondered if you can clear it up for me.
In extracting the principal eigenvariate from your VOI, you are asked if you
want to adjust the extracted timecourse. When should you adjust and when
should you not worry? what is the impact of adjusting?
My impression was that the raw timecourse would be extracted always. The
option to adjust suggests this is not always true. Do you use this option
(only?) when you have time or dispersion derivatives and/or motion
regressors?
I have a parametric design with two conditions (tasks) and two parametric
modulations per condition. The design matrix therefore has 6 regressors of
interest. Motion regressors are also included. In extracting the timecourse
should I adjust using an F-contrast spaning the first 6 columns only ([1 1 1
1 1 1]->right-padded with zeros)?? Is it problematic if I have not done
this? What are the consequences?
What about if I were only interested in the parametric modulations of the
first condition in the PPI analysis? Should I adjust for the first 3 columns
only ([1 1 1 0 0 0])?
All your comments will be greatly appreciated.
Richard
--90e6ba1efe9a7601f6049d5a45df
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hi Darren G/ Karl F/other PPI-ers,
I can't find any posts on this and wondered if you can clear it up for me.
In extracting the principal eigenvariate from your VOI, you are asked if you want to adjust the extracted timecourse. When should you adjust and when should you not worry? what is the impact of adjusting?
My impression was that the raw timecourse would be extracted always. The option to adjust suggests this is not always true. Do you use this option (only?) when you have time or dispersion derivatives and/or motion regressors?
I have a parametric design with two conditions (tasks) and two parametric modulations per condition. The design matrix therefore has 6 regressors of interest. Motion regressors are also included. In extracting the timecourse should I adjust using an F-contrast spaning the first 6 columns only ([1 1 1 1 1 1]->right-padded with zeros)?? Is it problematic if I have not done this? What are the consequences?
What about if I were only interested in the parametric modulations of the first condition in the PPI analysis? Should I adjust for the first 3 columns only ([1 1 1 0 0 0])?
All your comments will be greatly appreciated.
Richard
--90e6ba1efe9a7601f6049d5a45df--
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 11:42:00 -0500
Reply-To: "MCLAREN, Donald" <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: "MCLAREN, Donald" <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: PPI: adjust for effects of interest
Comments: To: Richard Binney <[log in to unmask]>
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary cf3054a4b5dbb06a049d5a5beb
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
--20cf3054a4b5dbb06a049d5a5beb
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Richard,
I'd use an F-contrast that is one row per condition/modulator. In your case:
1 0 0 0 0 0 ...
0 1 0 0 0 0 ...
0 0 1 0 0 0 ...
0 0 0 1 0 0 ...
0 0 0 0 1 0 ...
0 0 0 0 0 1 ...
The goal of the adjustment is to extract only the BOLD signal related to
neural activity and eliminate the activity due to motion.
Best Regards, Donald McLaren
================D.G. McLaren, Ph.D.
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, GRECC, Bedford VA
Research Fellow, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School
Office: (773) 406-2464
====================This e-mail contains CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION which may contain PROTECTED
HEALTHCARE INFORMATION and may also be LEGALLY PRIVILEGED and which is
intended only for the use of the individual or entity named above. If the
reader of the e-mail is not the intended recipient or the employee or agent
responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby
notified that you are in possession of confidential and privileged
information. Any unauthorized use, disclosure, copying or the taking of any
action in reliance on the contents of this information is strictly
prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this e-mail
unintentionally, please immediately notify the sender via telephone at (773)
406-2464 or email.
On Mon, Feb 28, 2011 at 11:35 AM, Richard Binney <
[log in to unmask]> wrote:
> Hi Darren G/ Karl F/other PPI-ers,
>
> I can't find any posts on this and wondered if you can clear it up for me.
>
> In extracting the principal eigenvariate from your VOI, you are asked if
> you want to adjust the extracted timecourse. When should you adjust and when
> should you not worry? what is the impact of adjusting?
>
> My impression was that the raw timecourse would be extracted always. The
> option to adjust suggests this is not always true. Do you use this option
> (only?) when you have time or dispersion derivatives and/or motion
> regressors?
>
> I have a parametric design with two conditions (tasks) and two parametric
> modulations per condition. The design matrix therefore has 6 regressors of
> interest. Motion regressors are also included. In extracting the timecourse
> should I adjust using an F-contrast spaning the first 6 columns only ([1 1 1
> 1 1 1]->right-padded with zeros)?? Is it problematic if I have not done
> this? What are the consequences?
>
> What about if I were only interested in the parametric modulations of the
> first condition in the PPI analysis? Should I adjust for the first 3 columns
> only ([1 1 1 0 0 0])?
>
> All your comments will be greatly appreciated.
>
> Richard
>
--20cf3054a4b5dbb06a049d5a5beb
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Richard,
I'd use an F-contrast that is one row per condition/modulator. In your case:1 0 0 0 0 0 ...
0 1 0 0 0 0 ...
0 0 1 0 0 0 ...
0 0 0 1 0 0 ...
0 0 0 0 1 0 ...
0 0 0 0 0 1 ...
The goal of the adjustment is to extract only the BOLD signal related to neural activity and eliminate the activity due to motion.
Best Regards, Donald McLaren
=================
D.G. McLaren, Ph.D.
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, GRECC, Bedford VA
Research Fellow, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Office: (773) 406-2464
=====================
This e-mail contains CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION which may contain PROTECTED HEALTHCARE INFORMATION and may also be LEGALLY PRIVILEGED and which is intended only for the use of the individual or entity named above. If the reader of the e-mail is not the intended recipient or the employee or agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that you are in possession of confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized use, disclosure, copying or the taking of any action in reliance on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this e-mail unintentionally, please immediately notify the sender via telephone at (773) 406-2464 or email.
On Mon, Feb 28, 2011 at 11:35 AM, Richard Binney
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:
Hi Darren G/ Karl F/other PPI-ers,
I can't find any posts on this and wondered if you can clear it up for me.
In extracting the principal eigenvariate from your VOI, you are asked if you want to adjust the extracted timecourse. When should you adjust and when should you not worry? what is the impact of adjusting?
My impression was that the raw timecourse would be extracted always. The option to adjust suggests this is not always true. Do you use this option (only?) when you have time or dispersion derivatives and/or motion regressors?
I have a parametric design with two conditions (tasks) and two parametric modulations per condition. The design matrix therefore has 6 regressors of interest. Motion regressors are also included. In extracting the timecourse should I adjust using an F-contrast spaning the first 6 columns only ([1 1 1 1 1 1]->right-padded with zeros)?? Is it problematic if I have not done this? What are the consequences?
What about if I were only interested in the parametric modulations of the first condition in the PPI analysis? Should I adjust for the first 3 columns only ([1 1 1 0 0 0])?
All your comments will be greatly appreciated.
Richard
When using the "scaling to percent signal change" option in ArtRepair, sometimes I get what I want from the files selected and sometimes I don't (depending on which files I select).
Why would ArtRepair give this answer:
Direct calls to spm_defauts are deprecated.
Please use spm('Defaults',modality) or spm_get_defaults instead.
Automatically estimated peak and contrast scaling.
 Normalizing by beta_0008.img
Peak value   = 4.97
Contrast sum  = 0.996
Mean value   = NaN
(peak/contrast_sum)*100/bmean  = NaN
ans =
   4.9700   0.9960    NaN
 All files follow the same path so I don't think that's the problem. Does anybody know why this is happening and how I can fix this?
Thank you,
Pilar A.Â
--0015177fcec43a8612049d5b0ea2--
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 12:36:59 -0500
Reply-To: Chris Watson <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Chris Watson <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: Art repair - mean signal change
Comments: To: Pilar Archila-Suerte <[log in to unmask]>
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
I think that was a bug in an older version of ArtRepair. Do you have the
latest version?
Pilar Archila-Suerte wrote:
> SPM Users,
> When using the "scaling to percent signal change" option in ArtRepair,
> sometimes I get what I want from the files selected and sometimes I
> don't (depending on which files I select).
>
> Why would ArtRepair give this answer:
>
> /Direct calls to spm_defauts are deprecated./
> /Please use spm('Defaults',modality) or spm_get_defaults instead./
> /Automatically estimated peak and contrast scaling./
> / Normalizing by beta_0008.img/
> /Peak value = 4.97/
> /Contrast sum = 0.996/
> /Mean value = NaN/
> /(peak/contrast_sum)*100/bmean = /*/NaN/*
> /
> /
> /ans =/
> /
> /
> / 4.9700 0.9960 /*/ NaN/*
>
> All files follow the same path so I don't think that's the
> problem. Does anybody know why this is happening and how I can fix this?
>
> Thank you,
> Pilar A.
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 11:38:50 -0600
Reply-To: Pilar Archila-Suerte <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Pilar Archila-Suerte <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: Art repair - mean signal change
Comments: To: Chris Watson <[log in to unmask]>
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundaryMessage-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
--00163683195045f1c4049d5b2847
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
I have ArtRepair v4. Isn't this the latest version?
On Mon, Feb 28, 2011 at 11:36 AM, Chris Watson <
[log in to unmask]> wrote:
> I think that was a bug in an older version of ArtRepair. Do you have the
> latest version?
>
>
> Pilar Archila-Suerte wrote:
>
>> SPM Users,
>> When using the "scaling to percent signal change" option in ArtRepair,
>> sometimes I get what I want from the files selected and sometimes I don't
>> (depending on which files I select).
>>
>> Why would ArtRepair give this answer:
>>
>> /Direct calls to spm_defauts are deprecated./
>> /Please use spm('Defaults',modality) or spm_get_defaults instead./
>> /Automatically estimated peak and contrast scaling./
>> / Normalizing by beta_0008.img/
>> /Peak value = 4.97/
>> /Contrast sum = 0.996/
>> /Mean value = NaN/
>> /(peak/contrast_sum)*100/bmean = /*/NaN/*
>> /
>> /
>> /ans =/
>> /
>> /
>> / 4.9700 0.9960 /*/ NaN/*
>>
>> All files follow the same path so I don't think that's the problem. Does
>> anybody know why this is happening and how I can fix this?
>>
>> Thank you,
>> Pilar A.
>>
>
--00163683195045f1c4049d5b2847
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
I have ArtRepair v4. Isn't this the latest version?
On Mon, Feb 28, 2011 at 11:36 AM, Chris Watson
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:
I think that was a bug in an older version of ArtRepair. Do you have the latest version?
Pilar Archila-Suerte wrote:
SPM Users,
When using the "scaling to percent signal change" option in ArtRepair, sometimes I get what I want from the files selected and sometimes I don't (depending on which files I select).
Why would ArtRepair give this answer:
/Direct calls to spm_defauts are deprecated./
/Please use spm('Defaults',modality) or spm_get_defaults instead./
/Automatically estimated peak and contrast scaling./
/ Normalizing by beta_0008.img/
/Peak value   = 4.97/
/Contrast sum  = 0.996/
/Mean value   = NaN/
/(peak/contrast_sum)*100/bmean  = /*/NaN/*
/
/
/ans =/
/
/
/ Â Â 4.9700 Â Â 0.9960 Â Â /*/ Â NaN/*
 All files follow the same path so I don't think that's the problem. Does anybody know why this is happening and how I can fix this?
Thank you,
Pilar A.
--00163683195045f1c4049d5b2847--
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 12:47:00 -0500
Reply-To: Jason Steffener <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Jason Steffener <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: matlabbatch "decode dependencies"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
Dear All,
Hello all.
I am trying to create some provenance info from an SPM batch file. So
I would like to take an SPM job file and read through it to pull out
the different steps, the data and the parameters. I have no problem
doing this EXCEPT where I have specified some dependencies. I am
having trouble decoding what the dependencies refer to.
Essentially if I have the following steps:
Realign << Input data
Reslice >> Output data
smooth << Output data from reslice
I would like the following:
Step1 Realign
input data: FILENAME
parameters :XX
Step2 Reslice
input data: output from Step 1
output data: rFILENAME
parameters: XX
Step3 Smooth
input data: rFILENAME
output data: srFILENAME
parameters: XX
And ideas? Or if someone can point me to the code that translates the
dependencies in the job file into something I can figure out, that
would also be great.
Thank you,
Jason
--
Jason Steffener, Ph.D.
Department of Neurology
Columbia University
http://www.cogneurosci.org/steffener.html
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 14:08:11 +0100
Reply-To: Alexander Hammers <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Alexander Hammers <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: question on VOI analysis
Comments: To: sarika cherodath <[log in to unmask]>
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1082)
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=Apple-Mail-79-616227633
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
--Apple-Mail-79-616227633
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain;
charset=us-ascii
Dear Sarika,
How did you define the VOI(s)? If they are in MNI space as your second level implies, then you're applying one VOI to all the subjects... and this will unsurprisingly have the same volume in all.
I don't know what kind of data you have - it sounds like fMRI. An approximation of individual volumetrics would be to backtransform your standard space VOIs into individual space - if you've used Unified Segmentation for your MRI spatial normalisation, then the *inv_seg_sn.mat file can accomplish this.
Such a procedure's accuracy will be limited by 1) the quality and provenience of your standard space VOI (see our recent thread on single-subject vs multi-subject atlases) and 2) the low-ish number of degrees of freedom of the transformation for standard normalisation and Unified Segmentation. Point #2 should be improve-able if you use DARTEL.
The gold standard for just one particular area would be to devise a protocol, check the reliability of results and ideally their veracity, and then outline those areas by hand in your subjects.
Hope this helps,
Best wishes,
Alexander
-----------------------------
Alexander Hammers, MD PhD
--Apple-Mail-79-616227633
Content-Disposition: inline;
filename=image.png
Content-Type: image/png;
name="image.png"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64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--Apple-Mail-79-616227633
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain;
charset=windows-1252
Chair in Functional Neuroimaging
Neurodis Foundation
http://www.fondation-neurodis.org/
Postal Address:
CERMEP – Imagerie du Vivant
Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer
59 Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon, France
Telephone +33-(0)4-72 68 86 34
Fax +33-(0)4-72 68 86 10
Email [log in to unmask];[log in to unmask]
---------------------------------
Other affiliations:
Visiting Reader; Honorary Consultant Neurologist
Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine
Imperial College London, UK
---------------------------------
Honorary Reader in Neurology; Honorary Consultant Neurologist
Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery/ Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
On 28 Feb 2011, at 10:11, sarika cherodath wrote:
>
> Hi SPMers,
>
> I have been trying to perform VOI analysis to obtain signal changes at a particular area for individual subjects in the dataset, so as to make correlations with behavioral scores. When i tried to calculate the values, SPM returns the same value for all subjects! Can anybody explain why this might be? The dataset has been analysed at second level and then moved to another directory (along with first level data). Is it possible that SPM is not able to access the data because of the path change??
>
> Thanks in advance,
> --
> Sarika Cherodath
> Graduate Student
> National Brain Research Centre
> Manesar, Gurgaon -122050
> India
>
--Apple-Mail-79-616227633--
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 15:14:22 -0500
Reply-To: Jeffrey West <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Jeffrey West <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: question regarding flexible factorial model
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="=__Part4569690E.0__="
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
This is a MIME message. If you are reading this text, you may want to
consider changing to a mail reader or gateway that understands how to
properly handle MIME multipart messages.
--=__Part4569690E.0__Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hello.
I have question relating to setting up a flexible factorial model with 2 groups, each group has 4 conditions.
I have 3 factors: 1 = subject (independent, variance equal), 2 = group (independent, variance not equal), 3 = condition (not independent, variance equal)
For the subject level, I entered in 20 subjects, for each subject, I entered in the the 4 scans: con_image 1,2,3,4. For conditions, I entered 1 2 3 4. Once all 20 subjects were completed, I entered 3 main effects, and interaction: main effect: 1, main effect: 2, main effect: 3, interaction: 2 3.
The model did not run and I got the following error message:
Running job #2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Running 'Factorial design specification'
Failed 'Factorial design specification'
Index exceeds matrix dimensions.
In file "C:\Documents and Settings\JWest\Desktop\spm8\config\spm_run_factorial_design.m" (v3067), function "spm_run_factorial_design" at line 482.
The following modules did not run:
Failed: Factorial design specification
I feel like the error is in the subject level: either the scan or the conditions. I do not feel like the conditions step is correct. Can anyone please explain what I did wrong setting up my model.
Thank you for any suggestions.
Jef
Jeffrey West, M.A.
Research Analyst
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center
Baltimore, Maryland 21228-0247
Phone: 410-402-6018
email: [log in to unmask]
--=__Part4569690E.0__Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Description: HTML
Hello.
I have question relating to setting up a flexible factorial model with 2 groups, each group has 4 conditions.
I have 3 factors: 1 = subject (independent, variance equal), 2 = group (independent, variance not equal), 3 = condition (not independent, variance equal)
For the subject level, I entered in 20 subjects, for each subject, I entered in the the 4 scans: con_image 1,2,3,4. For conditions, I entered 1 2 3 4. Once all 20 subjects were completed, I entered 3 main effects, and interaction: main effect: 1, main effect: 2, main effect: 3, interaction: 2 3.
The model did not run and I got the following error message:
Running job #2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Running 'Factorial design specification'
Failed 'Factorial design specification'
Index exceeds matrix dimensions.
In file "C:\Documents and Settings\JWest\Desktop\spm8\config\spm_run_factorial_design.m" (v3067), function "spm_run_factorial_design" at line 482.
The following modules did not run:
Failed: Factorial design specification
I feel like the error is in the subject level: either the scan or the conditions. I do not feel like the conditions step is correct. Can anyone please explain what I did wrong setting up my model.
Thank you for any suggestions.
Jef
Jeffrey West, M.A.
Research Analyst
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center
Baltimore, Maryland 21228-0247
Phone: 410-402-6018
email:
[log in to unmask]
--=__Part4569690E.0__=--
========================================================================Date: Tue, 1 Mar 2011 09:17:07 +1300
Reply-To: Ehsan Negahbani <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Ehsan Negahbani <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Unsubscribe me please
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundaryMessage-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
--0022150475f729946e049d5d5d2c
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
--
Ehsan
--0022150475f729946e049d5d5d2c
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
--
Ehsan
--0022150475f729946e049d5d5d2c--
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 22:28:55 +0000
Reply-To: Vladimir Litvak <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Vladimir Litvak <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: spm_eeg_convert2scalp
Comments: To: Erick Britis Ortiz <[log in to unmask]>
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-ID: [log in to unmask]>
Hi Erick,
SPM uses the same algorithm as Fieldtrip to generate a layout from the
sensor array so it should be quite similar, just the convention for
representing it is slightly different. I don't know what exactly the
problem is so it's hard for me to advise you. In principle you can use
the GUI functionality in Prepare or your own script to generate any
layout you like and then load it as a channel template file via
Prepare (this is a mat-file, there is an example for CTF in
EEGTemplates).
Best,
Vladimir
On Mon, Feb 28, 2011 at 10:22 PM, Erick Britis Ortiz
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
> Hi Vladimir,
>
> I have been using spm_eeg_convert2images to transform my MEG frequency
> analysis results to image volumes and run statistics. The objective
> being to determine lateralization in language (in children) by frequency.
>
> I assumed that spm_eeg_convert2scalp would use a standard 2D layout (à
> la Fieldtrip), and when I checked, this is not true. This makes
> lateralization studies, for instance, much more difficult, and I could
> think of others. What is the advantage?
>
> My guess was that setting D.channels.X_plot2D and Y_plot2D to empty
> would generate a default arrangement, but this also did not work. Could
> you shed some light at the issue?
>
> Best,
> Erick
>
>
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 23:08:58 +0000
Reply-To: Vladimir Litvak <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Vladimir Litvak <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: spm_eeg_convert2scalp
Comments: To: Erick Britis Ortiz <[log in to unmask]>
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
These 2D locations are created by projecting 3D locations represented
in head coordinates so the differences you find are due to different
head positions of your subjects in the helmet. This is by design, but
you also can load a standard channel template file for all your
subjects.
Vladimir
On Mon, Feb 28, 2011 at 10:55 PM, Erick Britis Ortiz
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
> Thank you as always for the prompt response!
>
> For you to know at least what I am talking about, a picture is attached
> with the projected MEG sensors (colored by region) in my 22 subjects.
> Left is greenish, right is reddish.
>
> The problem is that I see no reason for the MEG sensors not to have
> simply a standard position. In the Fieldtrip plots, they have (for
> example, in CTF151.lay). I will follow your advice, no matter. But this
> is a bit dangerous in the general case, don't you think? As I said, I
> just do not know if it is by design, else I could "fix" it.
>
> Best,
> Erick
>
> On 2011-02-28 23:28, Vladimir Litvak wrote:
>> Hi Erick,
>>
>> SPM uses the same algorithm as Fieldtrip to generate a layout from the
>> sensor array so it should be quite similar, just the convention for
>> representing it is slightly different. I don't know what exactly the
>> problem is so it's hard for me to advise you. In principle you can use
>> the GUI functionality in Prepare or your own script to generate any
>> layout you like and then load it as a channel template file via
>> Prepare (this is a mat-file, there is an example for CTF in
>> EEGTemplates).
>>
>> Best,
>>
>> Vladimir
>>
>>
>>
>> On Mon, Feb 28, 2011 at 10:22 PM, Erick Britis Ortiz
>> <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>>>
>>> Hi Vladimir,
>>>
>>> I have been using spm_eeg_convert2images to transform my MEG frequency
>>> analysis results to image volumes and run statistics. The objective
>>> being to determine lateralization in language (in children) by frequency.
>>>
>>> I assumed that spm_eeg_convert2scalp would use a standard 2D layout (à
>>> la Fieldtrip), and when I checked, this is not true. This makes
>>> lateralization studies, for instance, much more difficult, and I could
>>> think of others. What is the advantage?
>>>
>>> My guess was that setting D.channels.X_plot2D and Y_plot2D to empty
>>> would generate a default arrangement, but this also did not work. Could
>>> you shed some light at the issue?
>>>
>>> Best,
>>> Erick
>>>
>>>
>>
>
>
========================================================================Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2011 18:34:38 -0500
Reply-To: Pieter van de Vijver <[log in to unmask]>
Sender: "SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)" <[log in to unmask]>
From: Pieter van de Vijver <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: question regarding flexible factorial model
Comments: To: Jeffrey West <[log in to unmask]>
In-Reply-To: <[log in to unmask]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary¼aec51a894a8f7f93049d601f97
Message-ID: <[log in to unmask]>
--bcaec51a894a8f7f93049d601f97
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Hi Jeff,
You should enter conditions for subjects in a nscans x factor matrix. The
rows are your scans (4 in your case) and the columns indicate the factors
(2, one for group and one for condition, subject is automatically
modelled).
So for a subject in group 2 with scans for all four conditions you would
need:
[2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4]
Make sure your scans are entered in the right order!
Also, main effect for subjects doesn't need to be specified, this is done
automatically (this is because you chose 'Subjects' at the 'Specify Subjects
or all Scans & Factors').
Good luck,
Pieter
On Mon, Feb 28, 2011 at 3:14 PM, Jeffrey West <[log in to unmask]>wrote:
> Hello.
>
> I have question relating to setting up a flexible factorial model with 2
> groups, each group has 4 conditions.
>
> I have 3 factors: 1 = subject (independent, variance equal), 2 = group
> (independent, variance not equal), 3 = condition (not independent, variance
> equal)
>
> For the subject level, I entered in 20 subjects, for each subject, I
> entered in the the 4 scans: con_image 1,2,3,4. For conditions, I entered 1 2
> 3 4. Once all 20 subjects were completed, I entered 3 main effects, and
> interaction: main effect: 1, main effect: 2, main effect: 3, interaction: 2
> 3.
>
> The model did not run and I got the following error message:
>
> *Running job #2
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Running 'Factorial design specification'
> Failed 'Factorial design specification'
> Index exceeds matrix dimensions.
> In file "C:\Documents and
> Settings\JWest\Desktop\spm8\config\spm_run_factorial_design.m" (v3067),
> function "spm_run_factorial_design" at line 482.*
>
> *The following modules did not run:
> Failed: Factorial design specification*
> **
> I feel like the error is in the subject level: either the scan or the
> conditions. I do not feel like the conditions step is correct. Can anyone
> please explain what I did wrong setting up my model.
>
> Thank you for any suggestions.
>
> Jef
>
>
> Jeffrey West, M.A.
> Research Analyst
> Maryland Psychiatric Research Center
> Baltimore, Maryland 21228-0247
> Phone: 410-402-6018
> email: [log in to unmask]
>
>
>
--bcaec51a894a8f7f93049d601f97
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hi Jeff,
You should enter conditions for subjects in a nscans x factor matrix. The rows are your scans (4 in your case) and the columns indicate the factors (2, one for group and one for condition, subject is automatically modelled).
So for a subject in group 2 with scans for all four conditions you would need:
[2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4]
Make sure your scans are entered in the right order!
Also, main effect for subjects doesn't need to be specified, this is done automatically (this is because you chose 'Subjects' at the 'Specify Subjects or all Scans & Factors').
Good luck,
Pieter
On Mon, Feb 28, 2011 at 3:14 PM, Jeffrey West
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:
Hello.
I have question relating to setting up a flexible factorial model with 2 groups, each group has 4 conditions.
I have 3 factors: 1 = subject (independent, variance equal), 2 = group (independent, variance not equal), 3 = condition (not independent, variance equal)
For the subject level, I entered in 20 subjects, for each subject, I entered in the the 4 scans: con_image 1,2,3,4. For conditions, I entered 1 2 3 4. Once all 20 subjects were completed, I entered 3 main effects, and interaction: main effect: 1, main effect: 2, main effect: 3, interaction: 2 3.
The model did not run and I got the following error message:
Running job #2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Running 'Factorial design specification'
Failed 'Factorial design specification'
Index exceeds matrix dimensions.
In file "C:\Documents and Settings\JWest\Desktop\spm8\config\spm_run_factorial_design.m" (v3067), function "spm_run_factorial_design" at line 482.
The following modules did not run:
Failed: Factorial design specification
I feel like the error is in the subject level: either the scan or the conditions. I do not feel like the conditions step is correct. Can anyone please explain what I did wrong setting up my model.
Thank you for any suggestions.
Jef
Pieter
On Mon, Feb 28, 2011 at 6:34 PM, Pieter van de Vijver
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:
Hi Jeff,
You should enter conditions for subjects in a nscans x factor matrix. The rows are your scans (4 in your case) and the columns indicate the factors (2, one for group and one for condition, subject is automatically modelled).
So for a subject in group 2 with scans for all four conditions you would need:
[2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4]
Make sure your scans are entered in the right order!
Also, main effect for subjects doesn't need to be specified, this is done automatically (this is because you chose 'Subjects' at the 'Specify Subjects or all Scans & Factors').
Good luck,
Pieter
On Mon, Feb 28, 2011 at 3:14 PM, Jeffrey West
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:
Hello.
I have question relating to setting up a flexible factorial model with 2 groups, each group has 4 conditions.
I have 3 factors: 1 = subject (independent, variance equal), 2 = group (independent, variance not equal), 3 = condition (not independent, variance equal)
For the subject level, I entered in 20 subjects, for each subject, I entered in the the 4 scans: con_image 1,2,3,4. For conditions, I entered 1 2 3 4. Once all 20 subjects were completed, I entered 3 main effects, and interaction: main effect: 1, main effect: 2, main effect: 3, interaction: 2 3.
The model did not run and I got the following error message:
Running job #2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Running 'Factorial design specification'
Failed 'Factorial design specification'
Index exceeds matrix dimensions.
In file "C:\Documents and Settings\JWest\Desktop\spm8\config\spm_run_factorial_design.m" (v3067), function "spm_run_factorial_design" at line 482.
The following modules did not run:
Failed: Factorial design specification
I feel like the error is in the subject level: either the scan or the conditions. I do not feel like the conditions step is correct. Can anyone please explain what I did wrong setting up my model.
Thank you for any suggestions.
Jef
What is the best strategy for processing this data?
Regards
John Ochoa
Universidad de Antioquia
--0016364991e7155337049d6043e2--
