University of Toronto Quarterly
Volume 80, Number 1 /2011 is now available at
http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/h6282p256380/.
This issue contains:
Cabinets of Curiosities and the Organization of Knowledge
Maria Zytaruk
Abstract: This article reviews some of the recent literature on early modern
cabinets of curiosities and other repositories of knowledge. The 'material
turn' taken by the history of science in the last two decades has produced
claims for the primacy of objects and collectors in narratives about early
modern natural inquiry. As these studies shed important light on the
contents and shape of early collections, we must also consider how the model
of the museum, in the hands of such figures as Cassiano dal Pozzo and John
Evelyn, was adapted to new visual and literary purposes in the seventeenth
century. If cabinets were implicated in new taxonomic projects to order the
natural world, they also acted as preserves of older, more imaginative
readings of nature. The encyclopedia of gardening that Evelyn assembled, the
'Elysium Britannicum,' permits us to trace how the cabinet model functioned
as a strategy for dealing with the proliferation of information, objects,
and books in the period.
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DOI: 10.3138/utq.80.1.001
'Sacred Bonds of Amity': Dryden and Male Friendship
Tanya Caldwell
Abstract: Male friendship, as a motif, pervades John Dryden's works. Through
it he confronts problems of stability and continuity that he would
ameliorate by means of his poetic powers and the revered institutions behind
them. The sexual element of the relationships, which critics invariably
treat anachronistically, is crucial to the succour Dryden finds in them. It
derives from the traditions he evokes - real or imagined - of male
aristocratic bonds (in which the poet has a share) that he revivified in
order to negotiate contemporary politics and curtail the disintegration, as
he perceived it, of the monarchy. The problem for Dryden and his
contemporaries lay in manipulating existing paradigms in the face of Charles
II's profligacy and its attendant chaos, the increase in popular power in
the Restoration, and the Glorious Revolution. For Dryden, who closely
associated poetic and monarchic continuity, the bonds he presented and the
institution they perpetuated offered a fortifying power in the face of
assaults upon sacrosanct traditions.
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DOI: 10.3138/utq.80.1.024
'Great Chords': Politics and Romance in Tolstoy's War and Peace
Paul Romney
Abstract: A national epic and Bildungsroman, Tolstoy's realist masterpiece
also incorporates a quest romance, which flirts with fantasy by allusions to
volshebnoye tsarstvo ('fairyland'). This romance projects a social ideal
that reflects Tolstoy's thoroughgoing alienation from modernity. The article
uses Northrop Frye's ideas to disclose the hidden romance and reveals its
political significance by comparing Tolstoy's story to Walter Scott's
Waverley and J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. Politics and romance
are strange bedfellows, but each lends itself to spatial representation. The
article shows how Tolstoy uses spatial imagery to infuse his quest romance
with political meaning and discusses the neglect by English-speaking critics
of romance and politics alike, which it relates to a disagreement between
Percy Lubbock and E.M. Forster over the relative importance of time and
space as dimensions of Tolstoy's narrative.
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DOI: 10.3138/utq.80.1.049
Orwell on Jura: Locating Nineteen Eighty-Four
Paul Delany
Abstract: George Orwell's biographers have been divided about his move to
the island of Jura in the last years of his life. Some have seen it as a
refuge from the trials of London life during the war; others as a bleak and
inaccessible place, chosen in one of Orwell's masochistic gestures. The
ordeal of writing Nineteen Eighty-Four on Jura has been described as a
suicidal project. But Orwell wanted to be 'a farmer who wrote' after the
war, for both sentimental and practical reasons. Life on Jura was in some
ways healthier and more comfortable than London, and Orwell certainly was
happier there than in most other places he lived. If he had survived, he
probably would have continued to live in the countryside - still producing
his books, but also cultivating his vegetables.
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DOI: 10.3138/utq.80.1.078
The Beckettian Mimesis of Time
Eric P. Levy
Abstract: The present study is the first to examine the Beckettian
representation of time in relation to the conceptual complexity of time
itself - the cluster of concepts informing the idea of time, philosophically
construed. There is no consistency in the representation of time in the
Beckettian opus. For fundamentally time is relegated to the status of
illusion, as the driving aim of Beckettian texts is to express an abiding
mentality or attitude toward experience which does not change and remains
impervious to local circumstance. At bottom, the Beckettian attitude toward
experience construes awareness in terms of the unremittingly uniform
unpleasantness of suffering it. In contrast to the Kantian dispensation, in
Beckettian mimesis time is not a condition preceding experience, but a
conclusion drawn from experience and a means of expressing that experience.
Analysis of the diverse and complex Beckettian constructions of time enables
deeper understanding of the texts in which they occur.
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DOI: 10.3138/utq.80.1.089
Tennessee's End
Brian Parker
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DOI: 10.3138/utq.80.1.108
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