Hello, Echo spacing is the time btw. the phase encoding steps (i.e. btw. the K-space lines). You case seems to be a bit more complicated b/c it seems to be a multi-echo sequence, but not an EPI. In EPI: - Number of Phase Encoding Steps = Echo Train Length - 1 excitation pulse/slice - TR = time btw. volumes The basic equation is: ES = TR/Number of Slices/Number of Phase Encoding Steps So I suppose, your case is: - TR = time btw. excitation pulses - Echo Train Length = Number of Phase Encoding Steps btw. two excitation pulses The equation may be: ES = Min TR/Echo Train Length Does that sounds correct? Auer, Tibor M.D. Ph.D. Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH am Max-Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany Phone/Work: +49-(0)551-201-1725 Phone/Home: +49-(0)551-387-0076 Mobile: +49-(0)176-8012-7921 Mail: [log in to unmask] 2010.08.05. 13:59 keltezéssel, Michael Roche írta: > Hello, > My query is in relation to calculating the echo spacing (ES) for use > in distortion correction of DWI images using FUGUE. I am scanning with > a 3T Philips Achieva which does not specify the ES and neither does > the DICOM header file. I have asked the local Physicist and he is > unsure on how to calculate the ES. The following are my acquisition > parameters: > Scanning Sequence: SE > Slice thickness: 3mm > TE: 76.56ms > Number of Phase Encoding Steps: 80 > Echo Train Length: 47 > Pixel Bandwidth: 3295.2Hz > Min TR: 849ms > Calculating the ES has been causing me major problems so any help on > this topic would be greatly appreciated. If anyone could outline the > steps involved in calculating the ES that would be great. Feel free to > suggest any parameters i may need to calculate the ES. > Thanks > Michael