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Hello In bored tunnel problems how the term 'Tunnel Contraction' works? On what basis this value is fixed? I applied a '2% volume loss of ground' as 'Tunnel Contraction' in my problem. I found increasing the stiffness's and strength parameters of soil mass increases the deformations of tunnel liner more and vice-versa. Can anyone explain the phenomenon? What are the terms provided in output- 1) Realised contraction increment (%) 2) Total realised contraction (%) Thanks and Regards