Thanks Bernard Interesting that you have instances of work being generated for its own sake. I've just finalised my section on the flag and stone mining industry in Wensleydale and at Burtersett Quarries they were operating in an almost permanent state of bankruptcy from about 1890 to 1920, although I have no proof; it can only be explained by if they only operated to provide work. I think that the Denys family in Swaledale also tried to keep the lead mines going in some degree to keep miners employed, (always hoping for better times of course). Regards Ian