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Just released! Cartographica Volume 45, Number 2 /2010
Now available at http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/v2x7x361m221/
This issue contains:
The End of the “ARC/INFO Driving Licence” Era
Muki Haklay
http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/m02622vhr58x32r7/?p=694a882c906f47fb962b2bba9cb6ab7c&pi=0
Social Constructions of GIS in China's Changing Urban Governance: The Case of Shenzhen
Wen Lin, Rina Ghose
Abstract: GIS technologies have developed rapidly in urban China, particularly within local governments, over the past decade. However, such GIS practices in non-Western contexts have not been investigated in depth. The present study attempts to address this gap, drawing on insights from critical GIS and political economy. Scholarship in critical GIS has underlined the importance of power relations in constituting organizational GIS practices, and vice versa. Moreover, perspectives from scalar politics and network analysis provide a useful way to delineate and analyse the spatialized social relations shaping and embedded in GIS constructions. In particular, scaled networks conceptualize social connections and power relations in terms of networks of actors embedded in different spatial extents; within this synthesized framework, we contend, local government organizations serve as both sites and nodes in developing and employing GIS. Through an in-depth case study of the city of Shenzhen, we investigate in what ways both territorial conditions and interrelations across organizational and city boundaries influence governmental GIS development. Such an investigation helps to politicize the constructions of GIS in China's changing urban governance, which will contribute to ongoing discussions in critical GIS aimed at understanding the mutual constitution of GIS and society. http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/m58560005pg83210/?p=694a882c906f47fb962b2bba9cb6ab7c&pi=1
Ontological Issues for National Topographic Mapping
Dalia Varanka, E. Lynn Usery
Abstract: Terrain is generally stored in GIS as an elevation field, whereas human cognition of the landscape is usually object based. To address this mismatch of terrain data models, we propose object-based terrain representation, using topographic eminences, which are landforms that rise up conspicuously from the ground to visibly dominate the landscape, to illustrate our case. We propose a cognition-based methodology for automated detection and delineation of eminences from digital elevation models (DEMs). Alternative conceptualizations of the landscape can be realized by simple manipulation of intuitive parameters such as a peak's relative height and distance. Our approach delimits the extent of eminences based purely on topographic gradient and aspect, much like the delineation of ridges as watershed boundaries. Smaller eminences can be incrementally aggregated into larger cognitive wholes, enabling scale-sensitive landscape reconstruction. The ability to integrate field and object views of the landscape is essential for raster–vector data-layer integration; therefore, we also discuss some database-modelling and ontology-development strategies to manage the extracted landforms within a GIS.
http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/m802750788290807/?p=694a882c906f47fb962b2bba9cb6ab7c&pi=2
Cognition-Based Extraction and Modelling of Topographic Eminences
Gaurav Sinha, David M. Mark
Abstract: Terrain is generally stored in GIS as an elevation field, whereas human cognition of the landscape is usually object based. To address this mismatch of terrain data models, we propose object-based terrain representation, using topographic eminences, which are landforms that rise up conspicuously from the ground to visibly dominate the landscape, to illustrate our case. We propose a cognition-based methodology for automated detection and delineation of eminences from digital elevation models (DEMs). Alternative conceptualizations of the landscape can be realized by simple manipulation of intuitive parameters such as a peak's relative height and distance. Our approach delimits the extent of eminences based purely on topographic gradient and aspect, much like the delineation of ridges as watershed boundaries. Smaller eminences can be incrementally aggregated into larger cognitive wholes, enabling scale-sensitive landscape reconstruction. The ability to integrate field and object views of the landscape is essential for raster–vector data-layer integration; therefore, we also discuss some database-modelling and ontology-development strategies to manage the extracted landforms within a GIS.
http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/m727308l5965236u/?p=694a882c906f47fb962b2bba9cb6ab7c&pi=3
WALL-E and the “Many, Many” Maps: Toward User-Centred Ontologies for The National Map
Barbara S. Poore
Abstract: The symbolism of the film WALL-E is employed to argue that at the heart of problems with ontologies and the “Semantic Web” lies a misunderstanding of the relationship between man and machine. Originally created to be processed by intelligent machines, top-down ontologies for the Semantic Web have so far proved inadequate to deal with the messiness and emergent properties of current developments in social networking on the Internet. Bottom-up ontologies that incorporate crowd-sourced folksonomies may allow local users to contribute to and enrich national mapping efforts.
http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/m6m386802060v577/?p=694a882c906f47fb962b2bba9cb6ab7c&pi=4
Ontologies and Database Management System Technology for The National Map
Nancy Wiegand
Abstract: Given new semantic technologies and the US Geological Survey's vision to enhance the National Map (TNM), this article explores potential uses of ontologies in TNM. Examples are given for data organization, query expansion, feature-based modelling, and a linked knowledge base with explicit spatial relations. Query examples using enhanced SQL and SPARQL over TNM data illustrate emerging database management support for ontologies. As a first step in the vision for TNM 3.0, the author develops use cases and shows implementation.
http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/m10711073mv46p0h/?p=694a882c906f47fb962b2bba9cb6ab7c&pi=5
On the Integration of Regional Classification and Delineation Systems into The National Map
Thomas Bittner
Abstract: Many of the qualities that characterize geographic regions are vague and granular in their nature. In many quality-based classification and delineation systems for geographic regions, therefore, there is a trade-off between the possible precision of the quality-based delineation and the scientific sophistication of the quality-based classification of geographic regions. This poses a dilemma for the US Geological Survey's National Map, whose purpose is to provide various integrated classification and delineation systems that can serve a wide range of users. Some users need precise delineation systems, while others need sophisticated classification systems. Many users are required to use and to produce data that are not affected by the above trade-off and that can be integrated in consistent ways. This article discusses an ontology-based solution to this problem, presented in the specific context of systems for classifying and delineating eco-regions and eco-zones.
http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/6864280162167441/?p=694a882c906f47fb962b2bba9cb6ab7c&pi=6
Ola Ahlqvist
Abstract: By leveraging emerging Web 2.0 technologies and approaches, mapping portals have the potential to expand both the capabilities and the user base of geospatial mapping. Tools that address semantic interoperability are central to achieving this vision, and the most common models for category semantics offer largely compatible capabilities to produce various semantic relationship metrics. This article therefore looks beyond any particular model for semantic representation to propose the semantic relationship matrix as a common structure for designing visual displays for semantic evaluation. The matrix provides a structure for separating semantic analysis into three distinct evaluation types, each helping users understand various aspects of concept relationships and their meaning. This approach is illustrated in the context of landcover mapping and the US Geological Survey's National Map, but the author argues that the framework also generalizes to other mapping portals that seek to integrate many data themes and sources into one geovisual interface.
http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/mm1h326m16051t17/?p=694a882c906f47fb962b2bba9cb6ab7c&pi=7
Sphere-to-Sphere Projections: Proportional Enlargement on a Spherical Surface
Barry J. Kronenfeld
Abstract: An equivalent alignment-preserving projection family is developed to portray a region of the Earth on a spherical surface while altering the proportion of the sphere covered. Shape distortion is evaluated using Airy's criterion and compared to analogous projection onto a planar surface for a range of proportional enlargement factors and for regions varying in central latitude and latitudinal extent. Distortion from projection onto the sphere is found to be comparable with projection onto the plane for mid- to high-latitude regions of moderate geographic extent and proportional enlargement factors up to 25×. Several examples of sphere-to-sphere projection illustrate their potential uses and limitations.
http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/076722q5070l0330/?p=694a882c906f47fb962b2bba9cb6ab7c&pi=8
Gis Cartography: A Guide To Effective Map Design
Daniel G. Cole
http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/8503237657752784/?p=694a882c906f47fb962b2bba9cb6ab7c&pi=9
Cartographica
Cartographica, the international journal for geographic information and geovisualization, is now available electronically and includes the complete back file of previously published articles going back to 1964 with issue 1.1, when Cartographica was known as The Cartographer.
In addition to the substantial back file and current issues, Cartographica Online is a fully searchable electronic resource which addresses all your research needs - full searching (full text, Boolean, relevancy ranking, and persistent keyword searching), quick searching (single field, single button, automatic recognition of ISSN and DOI), advanced searching (citation text, publication, subjects, or content types), search results (summaries, dimensional navigation, abstracts, citation or tabular results, search within results, filter selected items), parent list navigation, publication metadata, TOC alerting, forward reference linking, and link exports.
Cartographica is the international journal for geographic information and geovisualization. The journal is dedicated to publishing articles on all aspects of cartographic and geovisualization research while maintaining its tradition of publishing material on cartographic thought, the history of cartography, and cartography and society. Cartographica, edited by Jeremy Crampton, delivers in-depth research and writing covering a wide range of cartographic studies, including the production, design, use, and cognitive understanding of maps, the history of maps, and geographic information systems.
For more information about Cartographica or Cartographica Online or for submissions information, please contact
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Call for Editor
Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization
Applications are invited for the editorship of Cartographica.
The University of Toronto Press – Journals Division is requesting proposals from individuals seeking consideration to become the next editor or co-editor of Cartographica.
Cartographica is dedicated to publishing articles on all aspects of cartographic and geovisualization research while maintaining its tradition of publishing material on cartographic thought, the history of cartography, and cartography and society. Cartographica also plans to consolidate its trend towards publishing research contributions that focus primarily on geographic information.
Each volume of Cartographica is composed of four issues: two or three regular issues and one or two single-topic monographs. These special monograph issues, accommodating book-length manuscripts, provide an extensive look at one particular area of cartography. The regular issues also include strong reviews of reference books and atlases as well as listings of recent cartographic literature from around the world.
Candidates for Editor/Co-Editor should be established scholars in the area of Cartography, Geography, and/or Geographic Information Science. Cartographica encourages applications from potential Editors who have a clear vision for the future of the journal. The Editor is responsible for all aspects of publication associated with maintaining Cartographica as the premier journal of its kind presenting perspectives on all levels of geovisualization research, the history of cartography, cartography and society, and other related fields. The Editor is committed to making sure that the journal maintains its reputation to publish the best manuscripts in these areas.
Letter of Intent: All individuals who intend to submit a proposal must send a letter of intent to UTP Journals by July 31, 2010.
Cartographica
University of Toronto Press - Journals Division
5201 Dufferin
St., Toronto, ON
Canada M3H 5T8
Tel: (416) 667-7810 Fax: (416) 667-7881
Fax Toll Free in North
America
1-800-221-9985
email: [log in to unmask]
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Posted by T Hawkins, UTP Journals