t r i c o u n t r y 2 0 1 0
the revised impartially coded official united nations tripoint registry yearbook
noteworthy new developments & findings highlighted in yellow

part 1
the 176 official united nations trijunctions



all fully agreed & marked de jure tripoints except as otherwise noted 


country digraphs used for designating the trijunctions & boundaries are per the official decoding table 
& are arranged alphabetically 
with directional suffixes e&w or n&s added as needed to distinguish 10 pairs of twin trijunctions

code elements are usually familiar or easily inferable
both separately & in composite
& they are generally clarified by the accompanying details
 
also to correctly encipher plain english country names for specific tripoint searches etc 



001 adesfre 1868 esfr marker 427 at portella blanca andorra in roughly n42d30m10s e1d43m33s wgs84


















002 adesfrw summit point of pic de medacorba elev 2914m in roughly n42d36m13s e1d26m30s wgs84 evidently marked only informally by a cairn & iron post 
Summit of Pic de Medecourbe




003 aeqasa hypothetical equidistant point in persian gulf at roughly 24n39 51e38 based on de facto aesa boundary disputed by emirates 
location indicated on satpic by green arrowhead http://tinyurl.com/yk5nhww 

004 aeomsa tripoint position at umm az zamul wells in roughly n22d42m30s e55d12m30s wgs84 has been substantially agreed but is not yet formally marked

005 afcnpk disputed by afghanistan & deplored by india & probably unmarked at an unnamed pamir summit of elev 5630m in roughly 37n2 74e34 
downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/100k--j43-102.html shows tripoint at lower left but note that the position indicated by the ibs http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS089.pdf differs slightly

006 afcntj probably at unmarked ridge junction elev 5523m near summit of mt povalo shveykovskiy tho the ibs seems to indicate the exact summit & elev 5670m
downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/100k--j43-102.html showing most likely tripoint position at upper right in roughly 37n14 74e53

007 afirpk 1896 afgb marker 186 at kuh e malek siah summit elev 1645m in roughly 29n51 60e52 disavowed by afghanistan
downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--h41-19.html  durand commission photo http://tinyurl.com/yhow93s
sr





008 afirtm on thalweg in dry former bed of avulsed hari rud just below zulfikar pass in alignment with remote pair of 1948 afsu reference markers numbered 1
downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/100k--i41-015.html shows position in roughly 35n36 61e17

009 aftjuz on thalweg of amu darya in roughly 37n10 67e47 possibly in alignment with remote pair of 1948 afsu reference markers numbered 107 over 1 

010 aftmuz formerly on thalweg of amu darya & likely still within avulsed river bed in alignment with remote 1948 afsu reference marker pair number 91 over 2
downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/100k--j42-086.html shows position in roughly 37n21 66e33

011 algrmk tripoint in lake prespa about 1300m ssw of golem island marked by westernmost of 12 new grmk buoys may also align with old algr & alyu buoys
IMG_2646 (Medium)



012 almers 1925 alyu pillar numbered b28 over either iv or v at one of the twin summits of tromedja peak elev 2366m in roughly 42n33 20e5 in detached kosovo

013 almkrs at mt serupa aka ksula e priftit summit elev 2092m in roughly 41n53 20e36 where it was marked in 2008 by agreement with kosovo as distinct from serbia
report & photo http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/2087/56  topo http://sunsite.berkeley.edu:8085/albania/50k/11-34-78-1.jpg showing tripoint at or near former alyu marker d24

014 amazge soviet position likely still unmarked on ridge line near saddle just southwest of mount babakyar in roughly 41n18 45e1

015 amazire on thalweg of aras river in karabagh occupied territory remotely monumented by a pair of 1957 irsu markers numbered 35
topo http://sunsite.berkeley.edu:8085/azerbaijan/100k/J-38-046.jpg shows position in roughly 38n52 46e32

016 amazirw on thalweg of aras river in roughly 38n51 46e9 at a ridge crossing that appears not to have been marked by the 1957 irsu demarcation

017 amaztr on thalweg of aras river in roughly 39n43 44e45 where it appears to be marked remotely by a pair of 1926 sutr markers numbered 4

018 amgetr 1926 sutr marker 148 on secondary summit of mount erakatar at elev 2980m in roughly 41n7 43e29

019 aocdcg where cdcg indefinitely descending the chiloango river meets aocd ascending its thalweg to a low ridge line bearing aocg & 1904 frpt terminal pillar j
topo http://tinyurl.com/yd2c7ye  additional details http://article.gmane.org/gmane.culture.discuss.boundary-point/8578 but note location is in roughly 4s41 13e6

020 aocdzm on watershed divide in roughly 10s53 24e0 probably marked by 1915 gbpt pillar 1 & or 1915 bept pillar 1 but possibly also 1934 begb pillar 46

021 aonazm marked by 1964 ptgb beacon 37 if not also 1931 gbza provisional beacon 9 along tree line on eastern edge of kwando flood plain in roughly 17s38 23e26
topo http://tinyurl.com/ycc92zk  beacon consists of iron auger driven into ground with concrete slab & block pillar 46cm tall & may incorporate other markers

022 arbocl probably unmarked if indeed ever visited at what is thought to be the more southerly of the twin summits of cerro zapaleri at elev 5619m in roughly s22d48m59s w67d11m1s wgs84





023 arbopy on thalweg of rio pilcomayo in roughly 22s15 & nominally w62d37m19s & more likely in alignment with 1939 bopy pillars i & ii than as demarcated on 1940 arbo survey map if there is a difference 
satpix with overlays showing potential discrepancy between the stipulated positions http://article.gmane.org/gmane.culture.discuss.boundary-point/9238/ while official argentine mapping indicates the more northerly position 

024 arbrpy mismatched trijunction in roughly 25s36 54w36 of arbr following the thalweg of the iguacu with brpy following the parana indefinitely & arpy following the parana median line witnessed by 3 matching obeliskoids





025 arbruy tripoint position on thalweg of rio uruguay opposite foot of isla brasileira in roughly 30s12 57w39 is per 1927 arbr & 1961 aruy accords tho title to island is disputed by uruguay
photo of unilateral 1862 br witness monument number 13p http://www.info.lncc.br/13pe.html  brazilian sketch maps http://www.info.lncc.br/umap3e.html & http://www.info.lncc.br/uilhabe.html  southernmost tricountry conjunction in the world
Marco 13-P (de 1862)





026 atchde hypothetical equidistant point in lake constance at roughly 47n32 9e34 rejected by austria 
locator map with green arrowhead indicator http://tinyurl.com/yaxt7x3 

027 atchit tripoint established 1919 in roughly 46n51 10e28 on shoulder of piz lad at elev 2181m 1km north of summit has a masonry marker set in bedrock & is apparently dated 1920 tho 1924 atit & 1927 chit demarcations are known
photo http://www.vasa.abo.fi/users/rpalmber/BordersAChI.htm  point click zoom http://www.geoland.at/viewer/(johdxi45fsu0oofx0tpkgrv5)/viewer.aspx for this & all following austrian tripoints thru number 034 inclusive





028 atchlin atch & chli agreements indicate the mittelgerinnes or midline of the main sluiceway at the intersecting sight line of 1955 atli markers 135 & 136 in roughly n47d16m14s e9d31m50s wgs84




029 atchlis summit of naafkopf elev 2571m in roughly 47n4 9e36 formerly marked by cross & now in process of remonumentation
TpAtChLiS-2_1




030 atczde  near plechy aka plockenstein summit at an elevation of 1321m in roughly n48d46m18s e13d50m22s wgs84 where it was remonumented in 1993
Border tripoint of Austria, Czech Republic and Germany





031 atczsk based on the precedent of the 1928 austria czechoslovakia agreement the tripoint is probably at the median junction point of the thaya & morava rivers in roughly n48d37m0s e16d56m25s wgs84 
Dreiländer CZ-SK-AT




032 athusi elegant monument in roughly n46d52m9s e16d6m50s wgs84 commemorating dates of treaty of trianon & the creation of all 3 states party appears to date from early 1920s
Border tripoint of Austria, Hungary and Slovenia




033 athusk tripoint position in roughly n48d0m24s e17d9m38s wgs84 as revised by 1947 peace treaty transferring antonienhof salient from hungary to czechoslovakia photo http://static2.panoramio.com/photos/original/7561134.jpg better http://www.flickr.com/photos/28563625@N02/3942127877/sizes/o/in/set-72157622303606181/ downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--m33-36.html





034 atitsi position adjusted very slightly in 1924 at or near summit of ofen aka forno aka pec at elev 1508m in roughly d46d31m22s e13d42m51s wgs84 where it is marked by a single pillar numbered variously 1 & xxvii over 294 & p519 & depicting the trifinial conjunction on its top surface as a crowfoot





035 azgeru tho probably still unmarked the soviet tripoint in roughly 41n55 46e26 does not appear to be in doubt even as the exact alignment of the azru convergent remains uncertain
as reflected perhaps by these conflicting downloadable topos http://en.poehali.org/maps/050k--k38-081-2.html & http://en.poehali.org/maps/100k--k38-081.html  

036 azirtm hypothetical equidistant point in caspian sea at roughly 38n36 51e12 rejected by iran 
general scheme of equidistant caspian allocation http://www.travel-images.com/az-capiandivis.jpg  locator map http://tinyurl.com/y8ts4tf 

037 azirtr at thalweg junction of aras & kara su in roughly 39n38 45e48 in alignment with a remote pair of 1957 irsu markers numbered 1

038 azkzru hypothetical equidistant point in caspian sea at roughly 42n30 49e54 

039 azkztm hypothetical equidistant point in caspian sea at roughly 41n12 51e15 

040 bahrme yugoslav position about 2km north of dubravka likely at high point on ridge line in elev about 1000m & in roughly 42n34 18e27 is possibly still unmarked

041 bahrrs yugoslav position probably on thalweg of sava opposite center of mouth of lukavac brook in roughly 44n51 19e1 

042 bamers yugoslav position is likely at ridge trijunction on upper vrhovi peak elev 1320m in roughly 43n31 19e14 

043 bdinmm possibly marked by 1894 or 1902 gb pillar number 1 & a recent bdmm pillar at a ridge junction of elev about 920m in roughly 21n58 92e36 half a mile south of reng tlang triangulation station

044 bedelu demarcated riverine condominial triline crossing the west or right half of the river our aka ours aka ouren perpendicular to the center of the mouth of ribbach creek in roughly n50d7m47s e6d8m16s wgs84
Tripoint BEDELU




045 bedenl octagonal obeliskoid monument & pavement demarcations of erstwhile quadrijunction in roughly 50n45 6e1 may date respectively from 1830 & 1920 visitation report posted by international boundaries research unit http://www.dur.ac.uk/ibru/resources/drielandenpunt/  old photo http://www.vasa.abo.fi/users/rpalmber/BeNeGe1.jpg  recent makeover eliminates boundaries of former moresnet condominial territory http://www.flickr.com/photos/peterihlenfeld/4138542539/ 





046 befrlu at median junction of the river chiers & bruehl creek in roughly n49d32m47s e5d49m7s wgs84 in alignment with a remote pair of befr markers numbered 1

047 bfbjne on median line of river mekrou at n11d54m15s e2d25m10s clarke1880ellipsoid per 2005 icj bjne decision
Thumbnail for version as of 10:50, 4 October 2007



048 bfbjtg probably marked by a 1912 defr pillar at point 109 in roughly 11n0 0e55 
Taken from the confluence point looking northwest





049 bfcigh on thalweg of black volta in roughly 9n29 2w41 with position based on map evidence in the absence of demarcation

050 bfciml at confluence of danboro & zagoundouba which form the leraba occidentale in roughly 10n26 5w31 but whether at median or thalweg junction is in doubt

051 bfghtg evidently on median line of kulutamsi river beside 1930 frgb pillar 148 tho the pillar itself is also cited if perhaps in error as the direct marker of the tripoint
topo http://sunsite.berkeley.edu:8085/ghana/200k/03-30-12.jpg indicating position in roughly 11n8 0w8

052 bfmlne moved 10km south by 1986 icj bfml judgment to n14d54m48s e0d14m39s presumably wgs84 in the heights of ngouma 3km north of kabia ford 

053 bggrmk common marker number 1 at tumba summit elev 1880m in roughly 41n20 22e56 
for photo enlargement please click on 11th thumbnail at bottom here http://www.theuiaa.org/global_youth_summit.html  downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/050k--k34-094-4.html 






054 bggrtr by lausanne treaty on median of main channel of maritsa river near kavak island but possibly moved to pillar 1 upon the island by 1926 commission
ibs map & brief http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/maps/bs41.html  downloadable soviet topo disagrees with ibs & places tripoint on island http://en.poehali.org/maps/050k--k35-077-4.html but position is in roughly 41n43 26e22 in either case

055 bgmkrs 2001 mkrs agreement fixed tripoint at 1922 bgyu marker 106 which was replaced by a tripartite marker in 2002 situated in roughly 42n19 22e22

056 bgrors on the thalweg of the danube hypothetically opposite the center of the mouth of its timok tributary which the bgrs delimitation indefinitely follows
distant photo from right bank of timok http://www.panoramio.com/photo/3969552  downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/050k--l34-142-1.html showing position in roughly 44n13 22e40

057 bhqasa hypothetical equidistant maritime point in the gulf of bahrain at roughly 25n34 50e33 partly determined by terminal loxodrome of 2001 icj bhqa judgment 

058 bicdrw at thalweg junction of the luhwa & rusizi rivers in roughly s2d44m36s e29d2m27s wgs84

059 bicdtz on the indefinite median line of lake tanganyika & the parallel of 1924 begb pillar number 1 at the mouth of ndyakalika ravine & thus in roughly s4d26m30s & very loosely 29e25

060 birwtz at thalweg junction of mwibu & kagera rivers in roughly 2s25 30e33

061 bjneng moved in 2005 by icj bjne judgment from median line of niger river to thalweg at point 154 in n11d42m39s e3d35m18s clarke1880ellipsoid
downloadable map dated 1981 seems to have had it already on the thalweg http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--c31-04.html 

062 bobrpe at median junction of the rivers yaverija & acre in roughly 10s57 69w34
sketch map & photo with geometrical construction http://www.info.lncc.br/wrmkkk/trip.html 
Foz do Yaverija




063 bobrpy probably at thalweg junction of rio negro with rio paraguay since both bopy & bobr follow the thalwegs tho the brpy delimitation is technically indefinite
photo of witness marker on right bank http://www.info.lncc.br/wrmkkk/bptrip.html & sketch map showing its relation to tripoint in river http://www.info.lncc.br/wrmkkk/bo3dd.html apparently situated in roughly 20s10 58w10
Marco Referência do Ponto Tripartite Br/Pa/Bo




064 boclpe tripartite monument at visviri is per 1930 clpe protocol updating 1926 clpe marker 80 aka 1904 bocl marker 5 in roughly s17d29m54s w69d28m6s wgs84
Tripartito




065 brcope on thalweg of amazon at parallel of latitude of the mouth of the quebrada santo antonio dividing leticia & tabatinga & thus in roughly s4d13m30s w69d57
photo with tripoint at bottom right center http://www.info.lncc.br/wrmkkk/coleti.html  sketch map http://www.info.lncc.br/wrmkkk/pe2.html Letícia/Tabatinga




066 brcove fixed by separate agreements at the irrational triple intersection point of 2 demarcated geodesic boundary lines & the thalweg of the rio negro & thus a bit vaguely in 1n14 66w51 

067 brfrsr position in roughly 2n20 54w36 on tumucumaque ridge at the source of a litani headstream likely named coule coule is marked by french tower & agreed by brazil but disputed by suriname





068 brgysr position in roughly 1n58 56w27 on tumucumaque ridge at source of kutari river marked by 1939 brgb pillar 132 is disputed by suriname

069 brgyve marked position at summit of mount roraima elev 2772m in roughly 5n32 60w44 is per brve 1931 & gbve 1905 yet disputed by venezuela
Three Points




070 btcnine indefinite position on thagla ridge on the so called line of actual control southeast of me la & north of west end of mcmahon line in roughly 27n52 91e37 is rejected by china

071 btcninw indefinite position as china is pressing bhutan both diplomatically & by military patrols for control of up to 89 sq km of the doklam plateau

072 bwnaza tho a map shows a marker none has been reported by visitors so tripoint in normally dry bed of nossob river could well be unmarked in roughly 24s44 20e0






073 bwnazm because the de facto bwzm frontier is far more obvious & active than its nazw counterpart alternative & moreover because the existence of bwzm was publicly acknowledged by zimbabwe in 2004 a bwnazm trijunction is commonly presumed to lie directly above the kazungula ferry crossing in roughly 17s47 25e16
best available topos however do not indicate bwzm & its tripoints bwnazm & bwzmzw at all but rather only the contradictory nazw & its tripoints bwnazw & nazmzw http://library.wur.nl/isric/kaart/origineel/afr_zw3002_3to.jpg & http://tinyurl.com/ykwu2ps  see also bwzmzw number 075 below
File:KazungulaFerry.jpg





074 bwzazw probably at the median junction of the shashi & limpopo rivers in roughly 22s12 29e22 but two of the convergents are not precisely delineated
topo showing boundaries following centerlines of full river beds 4th from bottom http://article.gmane.org/gmane.culture.discuss.boundary-point-point/336  also http://tinyurl.com/yhwhcq9

075 bwzmzw the situation here is essentially identical as well as geographically very close to that of bwnazm number 073 above except bwzmzw is generally presumed to lie directly below the ferry crossing in roughly 17s48 25e16
boundary clarifications expected for a planned bridge construction project make it likely that the bwzmzw & bwnazm trijunctions will eventually be supplanted in the tricountry registry by the presently unlisted & little realized but technically more probable bwnazw & nazmzw trijunctions

076 byltlv concrete demarcations in 6 meter neutral square near liudevinova lake in roughly n55d40m50s e26d37m49s wgs84 appear to date from 1990s
The tripoint itself!




077 byltpl in roughly 53n57 23e31 on median line of marycha river beside a now solitary lt marker 1789 since the former plsu marker pair of the same number have recently been removed

 




078 bylvru at median junction of neverica & zilupe rivers in roughly 56n10 28e9







079 byplua likely on median line or thalweg of bug river in roughly n51d30m28s e23d37m3s wgs84 perpendicular to south bank of the abandoned moscickogo canal near plsu marker pair numbered 1123
Border tripoint of Ukraine, Belarus and Poland





080 byruua monumental kurgan druzhby marker in roughly n52d6m42s e31d46m53s wgs84 is centered however improbably on an unmarked & generally overlooked tripoint





081 bzgthn negotiated in 2002 but still only hypothetical equidistant maritime point at roughly 15n55 88w13 based on regional facilitators proposals
estimated position indicated here by green arrowhead http://tinyurl.com/yg3sy4t  

082 bzgtmx marked in 2002 by a bzgt commission & accepted by mx yet not finally agreed by bz & gt in roughly n17d48m56s w89d9m0s wgs84 some 200 meters east of previous presumptive position at 1899 gtmx monument 107 aka vertice aguas turbias which stands in roughly w89d9m7s at intersecting gtmx & bzmx border traces visible from space but has never actually been agreed by bz & gt either
because the latterly marked position as indicated on this zoomable satpic map http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&tab=wl&q=17.81556%2C%20-89.15 involved a concession of error & a boundary correction & was fully agreeable it seems likely to eventually become formally adopted to cap a centuries old dispute that was last reported on its way to the icj in 2007 before dropping from public view as it has had a habit of doing 

083 cdcfcg nominally on thalweg of ubangi at confluence of gouga in roughly 3n29 18e38 where it lies hypothetically opposite the center of the mouth of the gouga since the cfcg delimitation within that river is indefinite
moreover because the ubangi thalweg is variable this downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--a34-01.html sensibly shows islands in the ubangi including the tripoint island ile longue as divided rather than allocated

084 cdcfsd monumental 1924 befrgb rock heap in roughly 5n1 27e27 on the ill defined congo nile watershed divide

085 cdrwug at summit point of mount sabinyo elev 3834m in roughly 1s23 29e35 but probably unmonumented because numerous peak baggers have not reported seeing any markers in the mist

086 cdsdug on watershed divide in roughly 3n29 30e52 but not fixed with certainty tho described in uganda constitution as a point about 300 meters south of the source of the river kaia
topo http://tinyurl.com/ydzp3yl  purportedly marked by a tree as of 2009
 
087 cdtzzm probably on median line of lake tanganyika in roughly 30e47 at an indeterminate position aligned with a certain lost cape akalunga & an uncertain point on lake mweru
topos disagree but latitude of roughly 8s12 shown on american topo places port of moliro rightly in congo http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet28-7th-ed.jpg while soviet alignment of cdzm is mistaken in placing moliro in zambia http://tinyurl.com/yb8bx4f 

088 cfcgcm on lesser thalweg of sangha river in roughly 2n13 16e11 but the position is based only on inconsistent map evidence at best insofar as cfcg is undemarcated
downloadable topo correctly allocates island to cameroun per 1908 defr protocol http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--a33-17.html 

089 cfcmtd on thalweg if discernible or else on median line of mbere river at a position based only on map evidence & nominally at n7d31m40s e15d29m40s

090 cfsdtd probably on median line of westward flowing headstream of the aoukale river exactly 1 km east of the easternmost point of lake tizi & thus in roughly 10n56 22e52

091 cgcmga on thalweg of river ayina if discernible but otherwise on its median line at the intersection of n2d10m20s nominally which falls in roughly 13e18

092 chdefr maps suggest tripoint is on thalweg rather than center line of rhine & that defr follows thalweg but chfr jogs east from center line to tripoint in alignment with a pair of 1818 chde markers 
pic of ceremonial monument with tripoint in river beyond far left http://travelguide.all-about-switzerland.info/basle/dreilandereck_9595.jpg in roughly 47n35 7e35  zoomable topo http://www.swissgeo.ch/ 




093 chfrit at a possibly unmarked ridge trijunction elev3750m in roughly 45n55 7e3 just northwest of the summit of mont dolent elev3820m & generally unnoticed by peak baggers
zoomable topo http://www.swissgeo.ch/ 

094 cignlr at northwesternmost source of nuon river on crest of nimba mountains in roughly 7n34 8w29 reportedly marked by a concrete post which may be a 1929 frlr pillar

095 cignml uncertain colonial position supposedly at headwaters of dougoulinfolo on baoule sankarani drainage divide in roughly n10d10m15s w7d58m40 per ibs 

096 cmgagq presumably demarcated cmgc & gagq corner point in roughly 2n10 11e20 joined by indefinite cmga segment linking to the kye mvezeu confluence over a mile to the east 






097 cmngtd unmarked on now dry bed of lake chad & fixed by 1931 frgb agreement exactly albeit without regard to datum at 13n5 & yet only vaguely at 14e5 
downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--d33-27.html looks equally exacting with both coordinates

098 cninmm de facto position at east end of mcmahon line & or line of actual control is at ridge trijunction on brahmaputra irrawaddy watershed divide directly above & north of diphu la & is disputed by china
downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--h47-32.html places tripoint in roughly 28n13 97e21 

099 cninnpe probably unmarked summit point on jongsang peak in roughly 27n53 88e8 is highest tripoint in the world at elev 7463m & the most agreeable of the 6 cnin trijunctions
Jongsong Peak 7463m and Kangchenjunga by John Town.




100 cninnpw unmarked ridge trijunction directly above & south of lepu lekh pass in roughly 30n12 81e02 maintained by india since 1962 but rejected by nepal

101 cninpk tho karakoram pass is often cited the actual limit of indian control is at or near sir kangri peak just above & west of indira col & siachen glacier 
ambivalent locator map http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/kashmir_disputed_2003.jpg  downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/100k--i43-022.html indicating this de facto position is in roughly 35n40 76e46

102 cnkgkz probably unmarked ridge trijunction & secondary peak of khan tengri at elev 6637m in roughly 42n13 80e15 some 5 km east of primary summit point several hundred meters higher





103 cnkgtj probably unmarked primary summit point of zarya vostoka at elev 6350m in roughly 39n28 73e39






104 cnkpru condominial triline in left half of tumen river bed at 1993 cnru marker pair 423 in roughly 42n25 130e38 was negotiated in 1998 & apparently demarcated trilaterally in 1999


 

105 cnkzru at nameless probably unmarked ridge junction elev 3424m in roughly 49n7 87e17

106 cnlamm situated where thalweg of mekong river crosses a watershed divide just below confluence of nan la ho in roughly 21n34 101e9

107 cnlavn first tripartite marker erected 2005 at summit of shiceng dashan aka khouang lashan mountain elev 1853m in roughly 22n24 102e9





108 cnmnrue first tripartite marker 1993 is elevated above salt marsh on stilts in roughly 49n51 116e43





109 cnmnruw probably unmarked summit point of tavan bogd uul elev 4082m in roughly 49n10 87e48

110 coecpe apparently at thalweg junction of putumayo & gueppi rivers in roughly s0d6m50s w75d15m28s wgs84 as witnessed by 1999 ecpe reference marker 206





111 czdepl at the median junction of the lusatian neisse & lubota aka oldrichovsky brook & thus perpendicular to the center of the mouth of this obliquely convergent tributary a relationship evidently overlooked by a projected monumental encirclement which may therefore encourage eccentric amphibious visitation http://www.flickr.com/photos/54128956@N00/4133542047/sizes/l/in/pool-632069@N23/  downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/050k--m33-042-2.html  photo http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Zi-dreilaendereck2.jpg  in roughly n50d52m14s e14d49m24s wgs84 






112 czplsk obeliskoid erected 2007 in mostly dry creek bed in roughly n49d31m2s e18d51m4s wgs84 is first official direct marker supplanting original unofficial demarcation by linden sapling
CZPLSK by krasnalpl.




113 defrlu demarcated riverine condominial triline centered in roughly n49d28m10s e6d22m5s wgs84 traversing the right or eastern half of the main channel of the moselle river & a lock island & side channel





114 djeret moved extrajudicially by 2006 eebc paper demarcation to 1954 etfr pillar 90 at summit of musa ali elev 2021m in roughly 12n28 42e24 from 2002 eebc dispositif position a few hundred meters to the east
topo http://tinyurl.com/yfg5d7p  better downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--d38-31.html  possibly explanatory note http://tinyurl.com/lvm60f  

115 djerye assuming an equitable allocation of the dumeira islands between djibouti & eritrea a hypothetical equidistant maritime tripoint should fall in the bab al mandab at roughly 12n46 43e17

116 djetso evidently at the summit of madaha djalelo hill elev 492m in roughly 11n0 42e58 & marked by 1953 etfr primary monument number 1

117 dzlyne in shifting dunes where normal demarcation would be impractical & in roughly 23n30 e12 per soviet topo yet reported with some exactitude at n23d30m54s e11d59m54s6t by the ibs without datum or explanation





118 dzlytn at a revised position between 1911 frtr pillars 220 & 221 as a result of 1970 dztn agreement & likely since demarcated by a tall pillar at roughly n30d13m45s e9d33m34s wgs84 from the looks of the satpic  
wrong or outdated topo http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/north_africa/txu-oclc-6949452-nh32-7.jpg  newer better & presumably correct downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--h32-16.html 

119 dzmamr unmarked on north bank of a wadi in 8w40 & at n27d17m40s per ibs tho later generations of soviet mapping repeatedly show the position in 27n22
ibs map http://tinyurl.com/yd5w3um  older american topo http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-06.jpg  newer downloadable soviet topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--g29-04.html & the sheet to its south http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--g29-10.html confirm the specified wadi at the coordinates given by the ibs while the difference of opinion about the tripoint position is traceable to variations in french colonial mapping

120 dzmlmr unmarked where oblique southern boundary of algeria crosses n25 as stipulated in 1963 mlmr agreement & thus at 4w50 per ibs & brownlie but shown by later soviet mapping at about w4d48m40
downloadable soviet topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--g30-26.html & others suggest the difference of opinion here is consistent with that described at dzmamr number 119 above

121 dzmlne colonial position on the tamesna plateau not fixed with certainty but estimated by the ibs at n19d8m30s e4d14m30s & shown by soviet mapping at more nearly 19n8 4e15 

122 eelvru on median line of pededze river about 90 meters above laikupe confluence in roughly n57d31m6s e27d21m5s wgs84 where it is witnessed from the west bank by eelv marker number 46plus1379 aligned with lvru convergent on a bearing of about n40e 






123 egiljo a hypothetical equidistant maritime tripoint at 1996 egjo terminal point mb3 in n29d27m12s1667 e34d55m16s3595 in a specially created datum while the location is still subject to egyptian concurrence
locator map http://tinyurl.com/yfyylxb   

124 egjosa hypothetical equidistant maritime tripoint at roughly 29n22 34e53 

125 eglysd nominally at n22 e25 but apparently unmarked on the steep nw shoulder of mt uweinat in elev roughly 800m  
Another non-view to the South.



126 eretsd per the eebc a rather confused situation lingers here either on the north bank or in the middle of the river setit or its main channel in dry season if demarcation is still pending at roughly n14d15m4t e36d33m6t in the eebd2002 datum tho it is a perhaps unanswerable question whether demarcation is in fact still pending 
topos suggest how far the defining khor royan confluence has migrated since the emplacement of the lost tripoint marker of 1903 opposite its mouth which the eebc has tried to recover or reestablish http://tinyurl.com/ykootjt   better downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--d37-13.html 

127 etkesd not fixed with certainty but near 1970 etke pillar d23 on the shore of the former sanderson gulf of northwest lake rudolf & 200 meters south of southeast end of okolon ridge in roughly 4n38 35e57

128 etkeso on thalweg of daua river in roughly 3n59 41e54 about 450 meters above village of malca rie & opposite 1927 gbit pillar 1 on right bank 

129 finoru 1826 ruse cairn 353 atop krokfjellet aka muotkavaara hill at elev 145m in roughly n69d3m6s e28d55m44s wgs84 later capped by a pyramid has marked the tripoint since the 1944 fisu armistice & is maintained by a 1953 protocol 




130 finose artificial tripoint island surrounded by boardwalk in lake goldajavri at roughly n69d3m35s e20d33m10s wgs84 is fino marker 294 comprising a large concrete pedestal with a crown marker dating from 1926 & is the northernmost tricountry point in the world 





131 gngwsn 1906 frpt pillar 58 in very roughly n12d40m30s w13d42m30s

132 gnlrsl on center line of mouth of dundugbia stream & left or south bank of makona or moa river at or within 3 meters of 1911 gblr pillar 1 & 1913 frgb cairn xvi in roughly 8n29 10w17

133 gnmlsn where an unspecified feature of the balin ko river intersects the low crest line of the konkoniouma mountains in roughly 12n25 11w22

134 gthnsv monumented at or very near the summit of cerro monte cristo per 1936 trilateral protocol while an observation tower rises above it from elev 2418m in roughly 14n25 89w21





135 hnnisve per 1992 icj judgment the smaller of 2 tridominial maritime areas lies within the outer gulf of fonseca more than 3nm from the coasts of all 3 countries & comprises a few square miles of shared territorial waters surrounding 13n10 87w35

136 hnnisvw a much larger icj adjudicated tridominial area straddles the closing line of the gulf of fonseca beyond 3nm from coasts & comprises both shared internal waters & 12nm of shared territorial seas amounting to some hundreds of square miles of seas surrounding 12n55 87w55
downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/500k--d16-3.html discussions are under way to enlarge & combine the 2 presently separate tridominial areas into an uninterrupted one

137 hrhurs de facto & historic position on danube thalweg aligned with remote 1920 huyu markers 415 & 420 in roughly 45n54 18e49 is disputed by croatia because the yugoslav cadastral boundary terminated some 6km to the east in the canal beside huyu marker 465
downloadable topo showing marker positions http://en.poehali.org/maps/100k--l34-074.html 

138 hrhusi possibly disputed position in the river mura at its former thalweg junction with the kerka in roughly 46n28 16e37 but apparently supported by numbered hrhu & husi boundary points or markers
Border tripoint HRHUSI
  



139 hritsi maritime tripoint partly negotiated in 2001 at or near 45n27 13e9 from the looks of published sketch maps & finally submitted to arbitral tribunal in 2009   

140 hurors so called triplex confinium monument in roughly n46d7m35s e20d15m52s wgs84 as modified slightly from its 1920 trianon treaty position by a 1923 protocol is pillar number 1 of both huro & royu & has a detachable cap




141 huroua probably at median junction of the river tur & a tributary stream identified as the palal on a soviet topo & witnessed by 1949 rosu & husu markers 1 in roughly n47d57m15s e22d53m46s wgs84
Border tripoint of Hungary, Romania and Ukraine




142 huskua probably on median line of tisza river witnessed by skua marker pair 375 if not also huua marker pair 375 in roughly n48d24m13s e22d9m18s wgs84





143 idmysge maritime tripoint remains to be negotiated but should fall at roughly 1n16 104e7 based on extrapolations from existing agreements see also idmysgw number 144 below 
estimated position indicated by green arrowhead http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&source=hp&q=1.2667,+104.1167&ie=UTF8&ll=1.279801,103.915558&spn=0.669995,0.888519&z=10  an often predicted second pair of idmysg tripoints supposedly to be negotiated in the vicinity of pedra branca farther to the east are actually highly improbable 

144 idmysgw maritime tripoint remains to be negotiated but should fall at roughly 1n11 103e32 based on extrapolations from existing agreements 

145 iljosy undof buffered trijunction on yarmouk river a couple hundred meters wide spanning alpha & bravo lines at their southern extremities & place of narrowest separation is centered at roughly n32d44m43s e35d45m29s wgs84

146 illbsy undof buffered trijunction along mount hermon ridge line extending for about 10 miles in between alpha & bravo lines at their northern extremities & place of broadest separation is centered in roughly 33n23 35e49

147 iqirtr 1914 iqir pillar 125 over 12 & or 1926 iqtr pillar 99 at source of hajji bak river on kurdistan ridge line in roughly 37n9 44e47 about 2km south of dolampar or dalamper summit
urmia _ Dalamper Mountain




148 iqjosa position revised in 1984 about 12km southwest from previous position on jabal unayzah & possibly demarcated at about n32d9m30s 39e12
topo depicts former position & includes present location http://sunsite.berkeley.edu:8085/iraq/200k/I37_34.jpg 

149 iqjosy no known marker tho ibs gives position down to the millisecond as n33d22m29s023 e38d47m33s212 without datum or explanation

150 iqkwsa marked by 1993 iqkw pillar 1 & later iqsa pillar 1 on thalweg of wadi al batin in broad mouth of wadi al awja at n29d06m04s2128 e46d33m10s9431 wgs84

151 iqsytr at thalweg junction of rivers chabur & tigris in roughly 37n6 42e21

152 kesdug fixed only approximately at 4n13 e33d59m30 per ibs & while soviet topo agrees with this longitude it indicates the latitude much closer to 4n14

153 ketzug in lake victoria at 1s0 & approx 33e56 but keug resurvey & buoy demarcation are reportedly in progress to resolve nearby migingo island dispute

154 kgkzuz soviet position at ridge junction in roughly 42n16 70e57 named chatangat triangulation station was recently reaffirmed but is probably still unmarked

155 kgtjuz soviet position possibly still unmarked in roughly 40n13 70e59

156 khlath delimited at a pass on the preah or dangrek ridge in roughly 14n21 105e12 from which the headstream of the tonle repou descends & at which demarcation was projected for 2009

157 khlavn monument on remote nameless peak at elev 1086m in roughly 14n41 107e32 was erected in 2007 & dedicated in 2008










158 kztmuz soviet position at intersection of apparent geodesic lines on salt pan beneath chink kaplankyr is probably still unmarked in roughly 41n19 56e0

159 lammth evidently in the narrows beside sop ruak in the so called golden triangle area at the rather gradual thalweg junction of the nam kok & mekong rivers in roughly 20n21 100e5
Thailand - Golden Triangle by Marty Johnston.





160 ltplru concrete marker in roughly n54d21m58s e22d47m28 wgs84 witnessed when last reported only by a pair of plsu flagposts numbered 1987 tho lithuania has recently initiated discussions for its participation 








161 lynetd probably unmarkable in shifting dunes at n23 e15 but all 3 convergent boundaries are well depicted on maps & reasonably clear in practice
downloadable topos a pair http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--f33-09.html & http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--f33-10.html  the only degree confluence tripoint that remains unvisited

162 lysdtd fixed by colonial convention at 19n30 24e0 & marked by a 1923 frgb cairn

163 mdrouan soviet position on thalweg of prut in roughly 45n28 28e13 aligned with & witnessed remotely by 2004 mdua marker pairs 0002 & 0001 
Border tripoint of Moldavia, Romania and Ukraine




164 mdrouas at former thalweg junction of prut & danube in roughly 45n28 28e13 possibly in alignment with remote 1949 rosu markers 1335 over 36 & likely with two 2004 mdua pairs





165 mlmrsn despite faulty texts the tripoint is probably on the north or right bank of the senegal river opposite the midpoint of the mouth of the river faleme in roughly n14d45m15s w12d14m23s wgs84
Fleuve Senegal, Diogountouro, Guidimakha, Mauritanie by Martin Baran.





166 mwmztz in the middle of the mouth of the txuinde aka chiuindi aka kwindi river on the east shore of lake nyasa in about n11d34m30 per ibs but tanzania claims the eastern half of the lake & malawi has not been pressing its claim & so the effective longitude is roughly 34e37 

167 mwmzzm marked by 1904 gbpt beacon 38 nominally where s14 crosses the nyasa zambezi watershed divide & most likely at about 33e15

168 mwtzzm marked at summit of nankungulu hill elev 1949m in roughly 9s25 32e58 by 1898 degb pillar 2 tho it may have been replaced by a pillar 582 or 588 of unknown origin possibly in 1935
topo with tripoint at far right http://tinyurl.com/yb8bx4f  

169 mzszzan sources cite mpundweni beacon aka 1898 gbpt pillar 1 but traces of all 3 boundaries appear to converge on steep hillside a few meters to the northeast of it in roughly s25d57m9s e31d58m30 wgs84
49ff5410b713d04052009.jpg




170 mzszzas at intersection of thalweg or more likely median line of great usutu aka maputo river with ridge of lebombo mountains near abercorn drift in roughly s26d50m25s e32d8m5s wgs84 
49ff4fc5a8afb04052009.jpg




171 mzzazw at median junction of intermittent rivers pafuri & limpopo in roughly 22s25 31e18
topos 3rd from bottom here http://article.gmane.org/gmane.culture.discuss.boundary-point-point/336 & here http://tinyurl.com/y9jqenm both miss the necessary perpendicular projection of mzza from the center of the limpopo mouth to the pafuri centerline

172 mzzmzw at thalweg junction of zambezi & loangwa in roughly 15s37 30e26  
topo http://tinyurl.com/ydkuj9m  colonial photo http://www.nrzam.org.uk/Site%20Resources/NRPhotoBook/Feira.jpg shows loangwa entering at left into zambezi as it proceeds from lower right toward the horizon 





173 nengtd unmarked on the now dry bed of lake chad in roughly 13n43 13e38 subject to minor unresolved discrepancies in the coordinates cited by sources
 
174 omsaye marker circa 2005 at n19 e52 wgs84 just about exactly it seems 
Ian & Sheila in Saudi, Gordon & Linda in Oman, and Mike and Be in Yemen




175 plskua late 20th century marker at ridge junction on kremenec summit elev 1221m in roughly 49n5 22e34 



176 rwtzug at thalweg junction of kagitumba & kagera rivers in roughly 1s4 30e28





part 2
the 31 unofficial but still effective or probable trijunctions

miscellaneous mostly de facto tripoints involving various united nations member states & 15 unrecognized entities 
with territorial or country codes improvised as needed & as indicated
& numerical suffixes substituted where directional suffixes would be impractical



177 abgeru abkhazia tripoint per soviet position at gora gvandra summit in roughly 43n12 42e5 

178 afpktb1northernmost pak taliban tripoint apparently at or near mt nava where the boundary between mohmand & bajaur agencies of fata meets the durand line in roughly 34n45 note that 4 such tripoints are presently acknowledged along the durand line at the respective extremities of two distinct areas of pak taliban control separated by an interval that includes the khyber pass  

179 afpktb2 the next pak taliban tripoint proceeding southward apparently at the other end of mohmand agency at or near where the kabul river descends from the durand line in roughly 34n20 

180 afpktb3 next continuing southward along the durand line apparently in roughly 33n20 at the northern end of north waziristan agency on the sheravang ridge downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--i42-23.html 

181 afpktb4 southerly pak taliban tripoint evidently at or near where the boundary between north & south waziristan agencies meets the durand line in roughly 32n31 downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/200k--i42-34.html 

182 amaznk where karabagh held & rump azerbaijan meet armenia at a nameless peak elev 3316m on the boundary between kalbajar & dashkasan rayons in roughly 40n17 45e58

183 azirnk where karabagh held & rump azerbaijan meet iran on the aras thalweg at or near the boundary between jabrayil & fisuli rayons in very roughly 39n23 47e20

184 cfsdss de jure south sudan with rump sudan westerly tripoint expected in 2011 at 1956 position accompanied by etsdss number 194 below 
but gap in map evidence leaves position in doubt http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27683 between jebel mishmir in roughly 9n4 23e42 & jebel aburasein in roughly 8n38 24e13

185 cygbkkw unficyp buffered trijunction of kuzey kibris aka northern cyprus with rump cypus & west end of dhekelia british sovereign base area 
skirting community of pyla between 35n0 33e42 & 35n2 33e40  visit report http://www.nicolette.dk/cyprus/index.php
 
186 cygbkke unficyp buffered trijunction of kuzey kibris with rump cyprus & east end of dhekelia british sovereign base area aka ayios nikolaos station 
due west of dherinja community in roughly 35n5 33e55

187 dzehma the fully iso coded yet all but extinguished western sahara probability marked by 1956 esfr pillar 41 nominally at 27n40 8w40 

188 eggzile formerly egilps or egilpse the major gaza tripoint probability at kerem sholom in roughly n31d13m12s e34d16m2s wgs84 

189 eggzilw the lesser but still real gaza tripoint probability on the seacoast near tall rafah in roughly n31d19m25s e34d13m8s wgs84 in the absence of normal territorial seas 
map showing closed area controlled by israel http://www.mfa.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/0D80237A-9B99-42D4-8BA0-FB8627593661/0/MFAG003p0.gif & the effective tripoint at oslo point m1

190 ethaso1 westernmost of the 3 uncertain positions where rump somaliland aka hargeisa & rump somalia meet ethiopia located just west of buuhoodle in roughly 8n14 46e18 
in this fluid & amorphous situation recent maps show 3 de facto ethaso tripoints http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Somalia_map_states_regions_districts.png 

191 ethaso2 the central position southwest of laascaanood in roughly n8 e47 
see above for details as well as below

192 ethaso3 the easternmost position southeast of laascaanood in roughly n8 47e40 see above 
& for a photo of the former tripoint at the colonial but no longer very likely position at the n8 e48 corner http://tinyurl.com/qv8568

193 etkoso the tripoint of al shabaab aka kismayo control with rump somalia & ethiopia now reportedly just southwest of yeed in roughly 4n32 43e1 

194 etsdss de jure south sudan with rump sudan easterly tripoint expected 2011 accompanied by cfsdss number 184 above 
location projected to be either in roughly 10n41 34e24 or roughly 9n30 34e7 depending on outcome of plebiscite in kurmuk locality of blue nile state

195 geosrue easterly south ossetia tripoint per soviet position at gora vatsiglars summit in roughly 42n37 44e14 

196 geosruw westerly south ossetia tripoint per soviet position at gora chanchakha summit in roughly 42n45 43e48 

197 iljowb1 formerly iljopsn the west bank corridor tripoint on upriver or actually western side of allenby bridge in roughly n31d52m28s e35d32m26s wgs84
since all that remains de facto of a potential jops or jowb is the passageway across the bridge itself as this sketch map indicates http://www.nad-plo.org/news-updates/wallmapoct07.pdf 

198 iljowb2 formerly iljopss the west bank corridor tripoint on downriver or eastern side of allenby bridge in roughly n31d52m28s e35d32m27s wgs84 see above item
for both iljowb tripoints in a single photo http://www.panoramio.com/photo/491222#comment at right center & left center respectively

199 kdiqir where kurdish held iraq & the rest of iraq meet iran at the tripoint of diyala & wasit provinces per recent reports 
so possibly as far south as about 33n30 in that event

200 kdiqsy where kurdish held iraq & the rest of iraq meet syria at the tripoint of al baaj & sinjar districts of ninawa province per recent reports 
so evidently at around 36n15

201 ksmers westerly kosovo & rump serbia tripoint adjoining montenegro at pogled summit on mokra gora ridge elev 2155m in roughly 42n50 20e21
downloadable topo does not show boundaries http://en.poehali.org/maps/100k--k34-041.html

202 ksmkrs easterly kosovo & rump serbia tripoint adjoining macedonia probably at unnamed summit with elev 1056m on crna gora ridge in roughly 42n16 21e35 
downloadable topo does not show boundaries http://en.poehali.org/maps/050k--k34-068-1.html but mk zoom topo helps visualize them http://www.katastar.gov.mk/website/servistopokarti/ 

203 mdpdua1 westernmost pridnestrovie tripoint at soviet position on dniester thalweg just above nimereuca md in roughly 48n7 28e30 
downloadable topo http://en.poehali.org/maps/100k--m35-142.html  locator map for all 4 pridnestrovie tripoints http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Naddniestrze.png 

204 mdpdua2 northerly rump moldova exclave tripoint near novy goyan pd in roughly 47n23 29e20 

205 mdpdua3 southerly rump moldova exclave tripoint near vasilievca md in roughly 47n23 29e20 

206 mdpdua4 southernmost pridnestrovie tripoint at soviet position on dniester thalweg near purcari md in roughly 46n13 29e53 

207 phtwvn hypothetical equidistant maritime tripoint between philippine held loaita & taiwanese held taiping & vietnamese held son ca island 
in the north spratly bunch at roughly 10n32 114e25  zoomable satpic locator map http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&source=hp&q=10.53333%2C%20114.41667&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl 






2010 marks year two of 
t r i c o u n t r y
the totally revised but still impartially coded 
official united nations tripoint registry & yearbook

& as you see
there is much news to report as of the new year 
highlighted in yellow thruout the registry

yet despite all the commotion we have made in 2009 
a great many of the 176 official united nations trijunctions 
& indeed most of the now 31 unofficial ones too  
remain practically if not utterly unknown

so while sincerely thanking all who have brought us to our present state of play & knowledge
we must continue to beg your continued indulgence & help

particular thanx & congrats are again extended to the makers & presenters of all the select photos & other prized data it is our honor to have collected & represented
but especially to all those who have paid first known visits & or most exacting ones to the respective tripoints

all are credited by direct links to their original presentations

it should also be noted that many other fine tripoint photos could not be shown here for various reasons
but are referenced by their internet links only
so be on the lookout for quite a few of these too among the fine print

because every opportunity has been taken to simplify & condense all the many pertinent data
even the keenest readers may be puzzled on occasion by certain especially compressed or opaque passages
but if so 
then a simple explanation will usually be found ready to hand

but certainly any lingering questions as well as additions corrections suggestions etc will be much appreciated & dotingly entertained by return email

future tripoint seekers & visitors are most cordially invited to contribute best available photography & other data to future annual editions of the registry 

& states parties in particular are entreated to provide fullest available official tripoint information

constant updates of the registry remain available on request

thank you & happy new year & decade if you are celebrating so multiply yet

sincerely
ak 
on behalf of everyone at
t r i c o u n t r y

last revised 1 january 2010









molten octamunicipal point leaps a kilometer skyward 
from the crater of mount mayon volcano in the philippines
christmas 2009
Image
adding an exclamation mark to its maiden year as the unique global maxipoint