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Hi Stella I don't think total Al by XRF or strong acid extracts will really tell you very much about risks from the soil. You might want to look at methods for agricultural soils and available aluminium, in particular MAFF RB427; now out of print but in some libraries Available aluminium is principally of concern because of its impact on plants and nitrogen fixation, mainly in particular acidic soils. For aluminium and human health I would look to work from the water sector (e.g. via UKWIR) You can Google both There is lots on Defra's web site, e.g: www.defra.gov.uk/environment/quality/land/soil/.../evidence-paper.pdf Paul In message <[log in to unmask]>, Andrew Hursthouse <[log in to unmask]> writes >the methodology is everything and comparisons to determine significance >of measured concentrations should bear this in mind. > >1. high acid extract = traditional pseudo total (often aqua regia), common >in many soil studies and is probably the most widely used method >published to determine (or present) metal content data. Other extracts or >digestions again use information with knowledge of how it was gathered. >2. XRF = routine total element (popular in hand held systems) - unless you >use a high energy (e.g. synchrotron radiation) source and model likely >solid phases, cannot (easily) speciate. >3. XRD = solid phase identification, if phase is above a few % w/w in soil >AND is crystalline. > >best wishes > >Andrew >From: Contaminated Land Management Discussion List >[[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of >Dupen, Peter [[log in to unmask]] >Sent: 04 December 2009 09:01 >To: [log in to unmask] >Subject: Re: Aluminium in soil >Hi Stella > > >We did a review on aluminium concentrations at a former smelter site not >so long ago. We were trying to quantify whether a relationship could be >discerned between acid-extractable aluminium soil concentrations and >associated leachate concentrations, and then whether this relationship >could be used to differentiate between anthropogenic and natural >concentrations inside and outside the former smelter area. We did >express our doubts about the process and recommended that XRF >techniques first be used to identify species, but the client thought we were >being too clever. > >Our study found that acid-extractable Al ranged from 13,600 to <10 mg/kg >in the soils and water-leachate values <1 to 6 mg/l, but we were unable to >establish any discernable pattern between the two, nor in the distribution >of Al values relative to previous activities. > > >So, as the other respondents are saying – it’s all about the species, which >can only be differentiated by X-Ray or other clever techniques. High >acid-extractable values in soils mean pretty much nothing at all. > >Hope it helps, > >Peter Dupen > >Jacobs >Consultant Hydrogeologist >0131 659 1531 > >0131 228 6177 fax >[log in to unmask] > >160 Dundee Street, >Edinburgh EH11 1DQ >www.jacobs.com > > >Please consider the environment ahead of the print button >From: Contaminated Land Management Discussion List >[mailto:[log in to unmask]] On >Behalf Of French, Stella >Sent: 03 December 2009 14:34 >To: [log in to unmask] >Subject: Aluminium in soil > > >I was wondering if anyone has any knowledge of typical aluminium >concentrations in soils. The ground contamination report I am viewing has >derived a GAC for aluminium (1410 mg/kg) which has resulted in the whole >site having concentrations 2 to 10 times above this. The site has an >industrial background with 2 hotspots of (Chromium and Cyanide) and >(benzo(a)pyrene). It has been suggested that aluminium concentrations >are unlikely to present a risk to human health unless they are present in a >readily mobile state. Is there an easy test to determine the mobility of the >aluminium in the soil? > >Any thoughts much appreciated. >Stella French >Pollution Control Officer >Environmental Health (General) Services >South Staffordshire Council >Tel: 01902 696313 >Have you visited our website? http://www.sstaffs.gov.uk >This message is confidential and may be privileged. It is intended for the >addressee(s) only. If you are not a named addressee, you may not use or >copy it or disclose it to any other person. 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