Members may be interested
in a conference session which I am organising at the next ICAZ conference in
Paris (August 2010). Further details about the conference can be found at: http://www.alexandriaarchive.org/icaz/ICAZ2010/00-1st%20page/1st%20page.htm
Please get in touch if you
are interested in participating.
Best wishes
Richard
Lecturer in
Zooarchaeology,
School of Archaeology and Ancient History,
University of Leicester.
----------------------------
ANIMALS, AND THEIR BONES, IN THE MODERN WORLD (AD
1750-1950)
Animal bones are ubiquitous archaeological finds and it
is well-recognised that their detailed study can shed light on a diverse range
of past human activities. These include the identification of: subsistence
strategies; economic regimes; the use of animals and animal parts in craft and
industry; attitudes to animals; and the symbolic role of animals in cosmology,
ritual/religion and as food items. The importance of these lines of
investigation, together with the abundance of faunal remains on many sites, has
meant that analyses of animal bone are now routinely undertaken as part of the
post-excavation process. Despite their centrality, however, zooarchaeological
studies deriving from the modern era, defined here as dating from AD 1750, have
in many parts of the world remained undervalued, despite the frequency with
which modern materials are encountered by archaeologists - particularly within
the commercial sector.
This oversight is surprising when one considers the
profound changes in the nature of human-animal relationships that took place in
this period. In domestic livestock husbandry, for example, major technological
changes were occurring, which included: the development of new breeds of
livestock; the introduction of new forms of agricultural machinery; and the
expanded use of artificial feed and hay, which decoupled the relationship
between seasonality and natural biological cycles. Social change also
profoundly affected agriculture practice. The urban population boom facilitated
the industrialisation of meat and dairy production and the emergence of
trans-continental food-trade networks, while the drive to increase output
resulted in major changes to the conformation and appearance of domestic
livestock through breeding programmes. Profound changes in attitudes to animals
also occurred in the modern period, with the emergence of sentimental
attitudes, the formalisation of veterinary care and the appearance of bodies
dedicated to protecting animals. Yet, these attitudes coincide with a period
that witnessed the widespread exploitation of certain species and their
environments to satisfy growing human demand, which in some cases lead to
extinction or major habitat changes.
There are good intellectual reasons for studying the
zooarchaeology of the modern era. The wealth of documentary records,
photographs, and sometimes oral history and folklore, can potentially provide
for a much richer and nuanced understanding of past human-animal relationships.
The combination of these sources can also afford zooarchaeologists with the
opportunity to test the reliability of their models against known historical
events, before those models are applied to earlier periods where such
supporting evidence is sparse or missing altogether.
This session therefore welcomes papers from around the
world that consider the zooarchaeological (and associated) evidence for animals
in the modern period; specific areas of interest include (but are not limited
to):
►
The impact of the mechanisation and industrialisation of agricultural practice.
►
The emergence of global food networks and changing consumption habits.
►
The use of animal products as raw materials for industry.
►
Changing attitudes to animals.
►
The roles of animals within exploration, warfare and sport.
►
The introduction, spread and impact of new species, or the extirpation and
changing habitat preferences of existing species.