A bit early for the original question on penance, but perhaps helpful for precedents:
Sarah Hamilton, The Practice of Penance, 900-1050, Studies in History Series (Woodbridge, Suffolk; and Rochester, NY: The Boydell Press for the Royal Historical Society, 2001), ISBN 0 86193 250 1, ISSN 0269-2244.
Maureen A. Tilley
Visiting Professor of Theology
Fordham University
113 W. 60th Street
New York, NY 10023
212-636-6369
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