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Dear Rosalind and all, Thank you Risalond for your raising question. As to mentor's self-knowledge, I should think about the mode of thinking and contents of knowledge separately. Because mentor acquired the thinking mode, observe his/her own practice, reflect on it, and identify own problem,...like action research cycle, he/she can use his/her self-knowledge(contents of knowledge) as the spring-board to improve his/her practice, I think. According to Prof.Calderhead and his colleague's study, a novice teacher has an initial image, which means the image as a lesson taught as a pupil/a student, and tend to make a lesson plan and implement a plan based on his/her initial image. The initial image is very difficult to destroy even if they learn hard through the initial teacher training. I think this tendency is a feature of novice teacher's thinking mode and thereby he/she cannot always learn from his/her own practice. Consequently, teacher education programmes should focus on the mode of thinking because both a mentor and a mentee learn from own experience,I wonder. Warmest regards, Tadashi