 |
 |
Dyma eglurhad Wikipedia The term *quantitative easing* describes an extreme form of monetary policy </wiki/Monetary_policy> used to stimulate an economy where interest rates </wiki/Interest_rates> are either at, or close to, zero. Normally, a central bank </wiki/Central_bank> stimulates the economy indirectly by lowering interest rates but when it cannot lower them any further it can attempt to seed the financial system </wiki/Financial_system> with new money through quantitative easing. In practical terms, the central bank purchases financial assets, including treasuries </wiki/Treasuries> and corporate bonds </wiki/Corporate_bonds>, from financial institutions (such as banks </wiki/Banks>) using money it has created /ex nihilo </wiki/Ex_nihilo>/ (out of nothing). This process is called open market operations </wiki/Open_market_operations>. The creation of this new money is supposed to seed the increase in the overall money supply </wiki/Money_supply> through deposit multiplication </wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking> by encouraging lending by these institutions and reducing the cost of borrowing, thereby stimulating the economy.^[1] <#cite_note-R000875-0> However, there is a risk that banks will still refuse to lend despite the increase in their deposits, and in a worst case scenario, possibly lead to hyperinflation </wiki/Hyperinflation>.^[1] <#cite_note-R000875-0> Quantitative easing is sometimes incorrectly described as 'printing money', as the central bank creates the new money electronically by increasing the credit in its own bank account.^[2] <#cite_note-ftvideo-1> Examples of economies where this policy has been attempted include Japan </wiki/Japan> during the early 2000s </wiki/Lost_Decade_%28Japan%29>, and the US </wiki/US> and UK </wiki/UK> during the ongoing global financial crisis </wiki/Global_financial_crisis_of_2008%E2%80%932009>. Ella y byddai 'rhyddhau arian' yn ddigon da. Wil Puw, John wrote: > > Gyfeillion, > > > > Mae’n siŵr nad oes llawer ohonoch o gwmpas oherwydd yr Urdd, ond rwy’n > gofyn mewn gobaith bod rhywun wedi cyfieithu’r uchod o’r blaen. Tydi > rhwyddineb na lleddfu meintiol yn gwneud llawer o synnwyr i mi, a > fedra i ddim meddwl am ddim amgenach. > > > > Diolch > > > > John > > > > John Puw > > GRNCM; TAR / PGCE; > > Aelod Cyflawn o Gymdeithas Cyfieithwyr Cymru > > Full Member of Association of Welsh Translators and Interpreters > > Cyfieithydd / Translator > > Uned Gyfieithu / Translation Unit > > Adran Gwasanaethau Iaith Gymraeg / Welsh Language Services Department > > Ffôn / Tel: 01492 641958 > > Est / Ext: 05135 > > E-bost / E-mail: [log in to unmask] > <mailto:[log in to unmask]> > > Gwefan / Website: http://www.mndassociation.org/shop/reflections_in.html > > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7y9hBCgtCY > > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpqlSAzV71M > > > > Ni ddylid trin e-bost ar y rhyngrwyd fel dull diogel o gyfathrebu. Mae Heddlu Gogledd Cymru yn monitro'r holl negeseuon e-bost a drosglwyddir ar y rhyngrwyd yn ogystal â'u cynnwys. > Dim ond er sylw'r sawl y'i cyfeiriwyd hi ato/ati y bwriedir y neges hon. Os ydych yn derbyn y neges hon mewn camgymeriad, gadewch i'r sawl a'i gyrrodd wybod a dilëwch hi oddi ar eich system. Gall defnyddio neu ddatgelu cynnwys y neges hon heb ganiatâd fod yn anghyfreithlon. Efallai nad yw'r farn a fynegir yn y ddogfen yn bolisi swyddogol. Diolch i chi am eich cydweithrediad. > Heddlu Gogledd Cymru > > Internet e-mail is not to be treated as a secure means of communication. North Wales Police monitor all Internet e-mail activity and content. > This communication is intended for the addressee(s) only. Please notify the sender if received in error and erase from your system. Unauthorised use or disclosure of the content may be unlawful, Opinions expressed in this document may not be official policy. Thank you for your co-operation. > North Wales Police >